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Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection
Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease caused by the pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), which has caused declines in amphibian populations worldwide. Asia is considered as a coldspot of infection, since adult frogs are less susceptible to Bd-induced mortalit...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer US
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33442763 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01669-5 |
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author | Mutnale, Milind C. Reddy, Gundlapally S. Vasudevan, Karthikeyan |
author_facet | Mutnale, Milind C. Reddy, Gundlapally S. Vasudevan, Karthikeyan |
author_sort | Mutnale, Milind C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease caused by the pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), which has caused declines in amphibian populations worldwide. Asia is considered as a coldspot of infection, since adult frogs are less susceptible to Bd-induced mortality or morbidity. Using the next-generation sequencing approach, we assessed the cutaneous bacterial community composition and presence of anti-Bd bacteria in six frog species from India using DNA isolated from skin swabs. All the six frog species sampled were tested using nested PCR and found Bd negative. We found a total of 551 OTUs on frog skin, of which the bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria (56.15% average relative abundance) was dominated followed by Actinobacteria (21.98% average relative abundance) and Firmicutes (13.7% average relative abundance). The contribution of Proteobacteria in the anti-Bd community was highest and represented by 175 OTUs. Overall, the anti-Bd bacterial community dominated (51.7% anti-Bd OTUs) the skin microbiome of the frogs. The study highlights the putative role of frog skin microbiome in affording resistance to Bd infections in coldspots of infection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-020-01669-5. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8384794 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83847942021-09-09 Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection Mutnale, Milind C. Reddy, Gundlapally S. Vasudevan, Karthikeyan Microb Ecol Notes and Short Communications Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease caused by the pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), which has caused declines in amphibian populations worldwide. Asia is considered as a coldspot of infection, since adult frogs are less susceptible to Bd-induced mortality or morbidity. Using the next-generation sequencing approach, we assessed the cutaneous bacterial community composition and presence of anti-Bd bacteria in six frog species from India using DNA isolated from skin swabs. All the six frog species sampled were tested using nested PCR and found Bd negative. We found a total of 551 OTUs on frog skin, of which the bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria (56.15% average relative abundance) was dominated followed by Actinobacteria (21.98% average relative abundance) and Firmicutes (13.7% average relative abundance). The contribution of Proteobacteria in the anti-Bd community was highest and represented by 175 OTUs. Overall, the anti-Bd bacterial community dominated (51.7% anti-Bd OTUs) the skin microbiome of the frogs. The study highlights the putative role of frog skin microbiome in affording resistance to Bd infections in coldspots of infection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-020-01669-5. Springer US 2021-01-13 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8384794/ /pubmed/33442763 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01669-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Notes and Short Communications Mutnale, Milind C. Reddy, Gundlapally S. Vasudevan, Karthikeyan Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection |
title | Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection |
title_full | Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection |
title_fullStr | Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection |
title_short | Bacterial Community in the Skin Microbiome of Frogs in a Coldspot of Chytridiomycosis Infection |
title_sort | bacterial community in the skin microbiome of frogs in a coldspot of chytridiomycosis infection |
topic | Notes and Short Communications |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33442763 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01669-5 |
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