Factors Associated With Treatment Adherence and Satisfaction in Type 2 Diabetes Management in Japan: Results From a Web-Based Questionnaire Survey

INTRODUCTION: To identify factors associated with treatment adherence and satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Japan. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted from 6 to 17 March 2019 in patients with T2DM aged ≥ 20 years receiving diabetes treatment. Treatment adherence and satisfaction were self-assessed/reported by the patients. A multiple logistic regression model and the chi-square test were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS: Responders (N = 1000) were aged 63.8 (standard deviation 11.9) years, and 739 (73.9%) were male. Adherence to treatment was reported in 941 (94.1%) patients and was significantly associated with higher household income (odds ratio [OR] 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–3.86), age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07), employment (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.60) and having ≥ 1 impaired basic activity of daily living (BADL) (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.82). Satisfaction with treatment was reported by 575 (57.5%) and was significantly associated with receiving/understanding guidance on how pharmacologic therapies are tailored (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.19–2.51), male sex (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.10–2.19), higher household income (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09–1.94) and age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03). Treatment adherence was negatively associated with lower household income and having ≥ 1 impaired BADL in patients aged < 65 years, but not in those aged ≥ 65 years. Treatment satisfaction was positively associated with higher household income and receiving/understanding guidance on exercise therapy and the importance of achieving target haemoglobin A1c levels in patients aged ≥ 65 years, but with receiving/understanding guidance on the tailoring of pharmacologic therapies in patients aged < 65 years. CONCLUSION: Lower age, lower household income, employment and impaired BADL may negatively impact treatment adherence in patients with T2DM. Appropriate physician guidance may promote treatment satisfaction. Differences in perspectives between patients aged < 65 and those aged ≥ 65 years should be considered. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center, JapicCTI-194636. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13300-021-01100-3.