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Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the apparent excess incidence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is explained adequately by iatrogenic causes vs reflecting sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. PATIENTS AND METH...

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Autores principales: Jamil, Aayla K., Alam, Amit, Youssef, Ronnie M., Felius, Joost, van Zyl, Johanna S., Gottlieb, Robert L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34458680
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.05.009
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author Jamil, Aayla K.
Alam, Amit
Youssef, Ronnie M.
Felius, Joost
van Zyl, Johanna S.
Gottlieb, Robert L.
author_facet Jamil, Aayla K.
Alam, Amit
Youssef, Ronnie M.
Felius, Joost
van Zyl, Johanna S.
Gottlieb, Robert L.
author_sort Jamil, Aayla K.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the apparent excess incidence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is explained adequately by iatrogenic causes vs reflecting sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients within our health care system from March 15, 2020, through May 31, 2020, who had a diagnosis of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum during hospitalization for confirmed COVID-19 infection with attention to timing of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum; presence, laterality, and placement, or attempts at central lines; and presence of mechanical ventilation before the event. RESULTS: We report clinical data and outcomes from 9 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who developed pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum among more than 1200 hospitalized patients admitted within our hospital system early in the pandemic. Many events were inexplicable by iatrogenic needle injury, including 1 spontaneous case without central line access or mechanical ventilation. One occurred before central line placement, 2 in patients with only a peripherally inserted central line, and 1 contralateral to a classic central line. Three of these 9 patients died of complications of COVID-19 during their hospital stay. CONCLUSION: With COVID-19 affecting the peripheral lung pneumocytes, patients are vulnerable to develop pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum irrespective of their central line access site. We hypothesize that COVID-19 hyperinflammation, coupled with the viral tropism that includes avid involvement of peripheral lung pneumocytes, induces a predisposition to peripheral bronchoalveolar communication and consequent viral hyperinflammatory-triggered pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
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spelling pubmed-83853072021-08-25 Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology Jamil, Aayla K. Alam, Amit Youssef, Ronnie M. Felius, Joost van Zyl, Johanna S. Gottlieb, Robert L. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes Original Article OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the apparent excess incidence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is explained adequately by iatrogenic causes vs reflecting sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients within our health care system from March 15, 2020, through May 31, 2020, who had a diagnosis of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum during hospitalization for confirmed COVID-19 infection with attention to timing of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum; presence, laterality, and placement, or attempts at central lines; and presence of mechanical ventilation before the event. RESULTS: We report clinical data and outcomes from 9 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who developed pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum among more than 1200 hospitalized patients admitted within our hospital system early in the pandemic. Many events were inexplicable by iatrogenic needle injury, including 1 spontaneous case without central line access or mechanical ventilation. One occurred before central line placement, 2 in patients with only a peripherally inserted central line, and 1 contralateral to a classic central line. Three of these 9 patients died of complications of COVID-19 during their hospital stay. CONCLUSION: With COVID-19 affecting the peripheral lung pneumocytes, patients are vulnerable to develop pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum irrespective of their central line access site. We hypothesize that COVID-19 hyperinflammation, coupled with the viral tropism that includes avid involvement of peripheral lung pneumocytes, induces a predisposition to peripheral bronchoalveolar communication and consequent viral hyperinflammatory-triggered pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Elsevier 2021-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8385307/ /pubmed/34458680 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.05.009 Text en © 2021 [Author/Employing Institution] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Article
Jamil, Aayla K.
Alam, Amit
Youssef, Ronnie M.
Felius, Joost
van Zyl, Johanna S.
Gottlieb, Robert L.
Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology
title Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology
title_full Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology
title_fullStr Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology
title_full_unstemmed Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology
title_short Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Suggest a Pneumocystic Pathology
title_sort pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in covid-19 suggest a pneumocystic pathology
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385307/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34458680
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.05.009
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