Cargando…
Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations
The aim of the present study was to compare intramuscular injection with a needle and intradermic needle-free vaccinations against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in piglets at 28 days old by studying behavioral and physiological reactions. A total of 72 piglets divided into 2 s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385536/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34458358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.715260 |
_version_ | 1783742114513813504 |
---|---|
author | Dalmau, Antoni Sánchez-Matamoros, Almudena Molina, Jorge M. Xercavins, Aida Varvaró-Porter, Aranzazu Muñoz, Israel Moles, Xènia Baulida, Berta Fàbrega, Emma Velarde, Antonio Pallisera, Joaquim Puigredon, Alba Contreras-Jodar, Alexandra |
author_facet | Dalmau, Antoni Sánchez-Matamoros, Almudena Molina, Jorge M. Xercavins, Aida Varvaró-Porter, Aranzazu Muñoz, Israel Moles, Xènia Baulida, Berta Fàbrega, Emma Velarde, Antonio Pallisera, Joaquim Puigredon, Alba Contreras-Jodar, Alexandra |
author_sort | Dalmau, Antoni |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of the present study was to compare intramuscular injection with a needle and intradermic needle-free vaccinations against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in piglets at 28 days old by studying behavioral and physiological reactions. A total of 72 piglets divided into 2 sex-balanced batches were assessed. Within each batch, the piglets were divided into three treatments, which were Hipradermic (0.2 ml of UNISTRAIN® PRRS vaccine administered with an intradermic needle-free device), Intramuscular (IM, 2.0 ml of vaccine), and Control (not vaccinated). Before the vaccination, the piglets were trained to cross a 4-m-long raceway to perform an aversion learning test. The day of vaccination, the time taken to cross the raceway was registered for each piglet at different times: prior to the vaccination and 10 min, 2, 24, 48, and 72 h after the vaccination, to measure variations in these times as signs of aversion to the vaccination process. Vocalizations, as potential signs of pain, were recorded as well at the end of this raceway to analyze their frequency (Hz), duration, and level of pressure (dB) at the moment of vaccination. Salivary cortisol, as a sign of the HPA-axis activity, was assessed 10 min after the vaccination. In addition, activity budgets, local reaction to the vaccine, and serological titer were also considered in the study. Ten minutes after the vaccination, the IM piglets took longer (p < 0.001) to cross the raceway than did the Hipradermic and Control piglets. Vocalizations were significantly different between the three treatments: the Control piglets produced vocalizations with the lowest frequency (p < 0.001) and level of pressure (p < 0.001), and IM with the highest, with Hipradermic in a significant intermediate position (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the day of the vaccination, IM and Hipradermic animals were lying on the side of the vaccine administration a greater proportion of time than were the Control piglets (10, 11, and 6%, respectively; p = 0.027). Salivary cortisol was not significantly different between treatments. The serum titer of antibodies against the PRRS was higher (p < 0.001) in both vaccinated treatments in comparison to the Control piglets. It is concluded that the Hipradermic needle-free vaccination may result in a less aversive experience in piglets than did intramuscular vaccination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8385536 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83855362021-08-26 Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations Dalmau, Antoni Sánchez-Matamoros, Almudena Molina, Jorge M. Xercavins, Aida Varvaró-Porter, Aranzazu Muñoz, Israel Moles, Xènia Baulida, Berta Fàbrega, Emma Velarde, Antonio Pallisera, Joaquim Puigredon, Alba Contreras-Jodar, Alexandra Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The aim of the present study was to compare intramuscular injection with a needle and intradermic needle-free vaccinations against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in piglets at 28 days old by studying behavioral and physiological reactions. A total of 72 piglets divided into 2 sex-balanced batches were assessed. Within each batch, the piglets were divided into three treatments, which were Hipradermic (0.2 ml of UNISTRAIN® PRRS vaccine administered with an intradermic needle-free device), Intramuscular (IM, 2.0 ml of vaccine), and Control (not vaccinated). Before the vaccination, the piglets were trained to cross a 4-m-long raceway to perform an aversion learning test. The day of vaccination, the time taken to cross the raceway was registered for each piglet at different times: prior to the vaccination and 10 min, 2, 24, 48, and 72 h after the vaccination, to measure variations in these times as signs of aversion to the vaccination process. Vocalizations, as potential signs of pain, were recorded as well at the end of this raceway to analyze their frequency (Hz), duration, and level of pressure (dB) at the moment of vaccination. Salivary cortisol, as a sign of the HPA-axis activity, was assessed 10 min after the vaccination. In addition, activity budgets, local reaction to the vaccine, and serological titer were also considered in the study. Ten minutes after the vaccination, the IM piglets took longer (p < 0.001) to cross the raceway than did the Hipradermic and Control piglets. Vocalizations were significantly different between the three treatments: the Control piglets produced vocalizations with the lowest frequency (p < 0.001) and level of pressure (p < 0.001), and IM with the highest, with Hipradermic in a significant intermediate position (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the day of the vaccination, IM and Hipradermic animals were lying on the side of the vaccine administration a greater proportion of time than were the Control piglets (10, 11, and 6%, respectively; p = 0.027). Salivary cortisol was not significantly different between treatments. The serum titer of antibodies against the PRRS was higher (p < 0.001) in both vaccinated treatments in comparison to the Control piglets. It is concluded that the Hipradermic needle-free vaccination may result in a less aversive experience in piglets than did intramuscular vaccination. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8385536/ /pubmed/34458358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.715260 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dalmau, Sánchez-Matamoros, Molina, Xercavins, Varvaró-Porter, Muñoz, Moles, Baulida, Fàbrega, Velarde, Pallisera, Puigredon and Contreras-Jodar. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Dalmau, Antoni Sánchez-Matamoros, Almudena Molina, Jorge M. Xercavins, Aida Varvaró-Porter, Aranzazu Muñoz, Israel Moles, Xènia Baulida, Berta Fàbrega, Emma Velarde, Antonio Pallisera, Joaquim Puigredon, Alba Contreras-Jodar, Alexandra Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations |
title | Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations |
title_full | Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations |
title_fullStr | Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations |
title_full_unstemmed | Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations |
title_short | Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations |
title_sort | intramuscular vs. intradermic needle-free vaccination in piglets: relevance for animal welfare based on an aversion learning test and vocalizations |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385536/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34458358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.715260 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dalmauantoni intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT sanchezmatamorosalmudena intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT molinajorgem intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT xercavinsaida intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT varvaroporteraranzazu intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT munozisrael intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT molesxenia intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT baulidaberta intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT fabregaemma intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT velardeantonio intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT palliserajoaquim intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT puigredonalba intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations AT contrerasjodaralexandra intramuscularvsintradermicneedlefreevaccinationinpigletsrelevanceforanimalwelfarebasedonanaversionlearningtestandvocalizations |