ADHD Symptoms in Females of Childhood, Adolescent, Reproductive and Menopause Period

BACKGROUND: The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was initially considered a male disorder. As it has recently been shown, however, its presentation in girls is a topic of increasing scientific interest and research. There have been quite a few studies so far showing the differences in the symptoms between genders and the progression of the condition depending on the individual’s profile. However, there are some special characteristics in the female gender, including neuropathology and hormonal factors, that play a decisive role in understating ADHD in women. Although it is known that the symptoms in ADHD girls are overshadowed by those of the impulsive and hyperactive boys, an effort was made in this study to highlight ADHD symptoms in women from childhood to menopause. OBJECTIVE: Taking into account the small but significant differences in the development of ADHD in women, this literature review aims at identifying the special characteristics of ADHD symptoms in all stages of a woman’s life from childhood to menopause. Being aware of these signs is important to provide the best quality of health care in ADHD women. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted through the databases on the occurrence of ADHD symptoms in girls, adolescents, women of childbearing age and women in menopause. RESULTS: ADHD and its comorbid disorders affect the female sex throughout its life. The hormonal fluctuations and transitional periods of life seem to influence the symptoms of ADHD more. CONCLUSION: Higher awareness is thus required by health professionals about ADHD behavioural characteristics in girls, adolescent girls and women in their productive period or in menopause to identify the special signs defining the disease, to treat them early and protect the women’s mental health.