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The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment

When it emerged in late 2019, COVID-19 was carried via travelers to Germany, France and Italy, where freedom of movement accelerated its transmission throughout Europe. However, effective non-pharmaceutical interventions introduced by European governments led to containment of the rapid increase in...

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Autores principales: Al-Salem, Waleed, Moraga, Paula, Ghazi, Hani, Madad, Syra, Hotez, Peter J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34333650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihab037
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author Al-Salem, Waleed
Moraga, Paula
Ghazi, Hani
Madad, Syra
Hotez, Peter J
author_facet Al-Salem, Waleed
Moraga, Paula
Ghazi, Hani
Madad, Syra
Hotez, Peter J
author_sort Al-Salem, Waleed
collection PubMed
description When it emerged in late 2019, COVID-19 was carried via travelers to Germany, France and Italy, where freedom of movement accelerated its transmission throughout Europe. However, effective non-pharmaceutical interventions introduced by European governments led to containment of the rapid increase in cases within European nations. Electronic searches were performed to obtain the number of confirmed cases, incident rates and non-pharmaceutical government measures for each European country. The spread and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions throughout Europe were assessed and visualized. Specifically, heatmaps were used to represent the number of confirmed cases and incident rates for each of the countries over time. In addition, maps were created showing the number of confirmed cases and incident rates in Europe on three different dates (15 March, 15 April and 15 May 2020), which allowed us to assess the geographic and temporal patterns of the disease.
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spelling pubmed-83858072021-09-01 The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment Al-Salem, Waleed Moraga, Paula Ghazi, Hani Madad, Syra Hotez, Peter J Int Health Review Article When it emerged in late 2019, COVID-19 was carried via travelers to Germany, France and Italy, where freedom of movement accelerated its transmission throughout Europe. However, effective non-pharmaceutical interventions introduced by European governments led to containment of the rapid increase in cases within European nations. Electronic searches were performed to obtain the number of confirmed cases, incident rates and non-pharmaceutical government measures for each European country. The spread and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions throughout Europe were assessed and visualized. Specifically, heatmaps were used to represent the number of confirmed cases and incident rates for each of the countries over time. In addition, maps were created showing the number of confirmed cases and incident rates in Europe on three different dates (15 March, 15 April and 15 May 2020), which allowed us to assess the geographic and temporal patterns of the disease. Oxford University Press 2021-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8385807/ /pubmed/34333650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihab037 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review Article
Al-Salem, Waleed
Moraga, Paula
Ghazi, Hani
Madad, Syra
Hotez, Peter J
The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
title The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
title_full The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
title_fullStr The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
title_full_unstemmed The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
title_short The emergence and transmission of COVID-19 in European countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
title_sort emergence and transmission of covid-19 in european countries, 2019–2020: a comprehensive review of timelines, cases and containment
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34333650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihab037
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