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Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein
Rhein, belonging to anthraquinone compounds, is one of the main active components of rhubarb and Polygonum multiflorum. Rhein has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as cardiocerebral protective effect, hepatoprotective effect, nephroprotective effect, anti-inflammation effect, antitumor effe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387172/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34457021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4582412 |
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author | Li, Gang-Min Chen, Jun-Ren Zhang, Hui-Qiong Cao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Chen Peng, Fu Yin, Yan-Peng Lin, Ziwei Yu, Lei Chen, Yan Tang, Yun-Li Xie, Xiao-Fang Peng, Cheng |
author_facet | Li, Gang-Min Chen, Jun-Ren Zhang, Hui-Qiong Cao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Chen Peng, Fu Yin, Yan-Peng Lin, Ziwei Yu, Lei Chen, Yan Tang, Yun-Li Xie, Xiao-Fang Peng, Cheng |
author_sort | Li, Gang-Min |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rhein, belonging to anthraquinone compounds, is one of the main active components of rhubarb and Polygonum multiflorum. Rhein has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as cardiocerebral protective effect, hepatoprotective effect, nephroprotective effect, anti-inflammation effect, antitumor effect, antidiabetic effect, and others. The mechanism is interrelated and complex, referring to NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPK, p53, mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway, oxidative stress signaling pathway, and so on. However, to some extent, its clinical application is limited by its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Even more, rhein has potential liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, in this paper, the pharmacological effects of rhein and its mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and safety studies were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the development and application of rhein. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8387172 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83871722021-08-26 Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein Li, Gang-Min Chen, Jun-Ren Zhang, Hui-Qiong Cao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Chen Peng, Fu Yin, Yan-Peng Lin, Ziwei Yu, Lei Chen, Yan Tang, Yun-Li Xie, Xiao-Fang Peng, Cheng Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Review Article Rhein, belonging to anthraquinone compounds, is one of the main active components of rhubarb and Polygonum multiflorum. Rhein has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as cardiocerebral protective effect, hepatoprotective effect, nephroprotective effect, anti-inflammation effect, antitumor effect, antidiabetic effect, and others. The mechanism is interrelated and complex, referring to NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPK, p53, mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway, oxidative stress signaling pathway, and so on. However, to some extent, its clinical application is limited by its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Even more, rhein has potential liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, in this paper, the pharmacological effects of rhein and its mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and safety studies were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the development and application of rhein. Hindawi 2021-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8387172/ /pubmed/34457021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4582412 Text en Copyright © 2021 Gang-Min Li et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Li, Gang-Min Chen, Jun-Ren Zhang, Hui-Qiong Cao, Xiao-Yu Sun, Chen Peng, Fu Yin, Yan-Peng Lin, Ziwei Yu, Lei Chen, Yan Tang, Yun-Li Xie, Xiao-Fang Peng, Cheng Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein |
title | Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein |
title_full | Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein |
title_fullStr | Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein |
title_full_unstemmed | Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein |
title_short | Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein |
title_sort | update on pharmacological activities, security, and pharmacokinetics of rhein |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387172/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34457021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4582412 |
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