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Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics
BACKGROUND: Following a relatively mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India, a deadly second wave of the pandemic overwhelmed the healthcare system due to the emergence of fast-transmitting SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants. The emergence and spread of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant co...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34454775 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.001 |
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author | Jacob, Jobin John John Fletcher, G. Monisha Priya, T. Veeraraghavan, Balaji Mutreja, Ankur |
author_facet | Jacob, Jobin John John Fletcher, G. Monisha Priya, T. Veeraraghavan, Balaji Mutreja, Ankur |
author_sort | Jacob, Jobin John |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Following a relatively mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India, a deadly second wave of the pandemic overwhelmed the healthcare system due to the emergence of fast-transmitting SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants. The emergence and spread of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant considered to be driving the devastating second wave of COVID-19 in India. Currently, the Delta variant has rapidly overtaken the previously circulating variants to become the dominant strain. Critical mutations in the spike/RBD region of these variants have raised serious concerns about the virus's increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine effectiveness. As a result, significant scientific and public concern has been expressed about the impact of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to provide an additional explanation in the context of the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 variants in India, the vaccine-induced immune response to the variants of concern (VOC), and various vaccine deployment strategies to rapidly increase population immunity. CONTENT: Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in India suggests the emergence and spread of B.1.617 variant. The immunogenicity of currently approved vaccines indicates that the majority of vaccines elicit an antibody response and some level of protection. According to current data, vaccines in the pre-fusion configuration (2p substitution) have an advantage in terms of nAb titer, but the duration of vaccine-induced immunity, as well as the role of T cells and memory B cells in protection, remain unknown. Since vaccine efficacy on virus variants is one of the major factors to be considered for achieving herd immunity, existing vaccines need to be improved or effective next-generation vaccines should be developed to cover the new variants of the virus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8387243 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83872432021-08-26 Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics Jacob, Jobin John John Fletcher, G. Monisha Priya, T. Veeraraghavan, Balaji Mutreja, Ankur Indian J Med Microbiol Special Article BACKGROUND: Following a relatively mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India, a deadly second wave of the pandemic overwhelmed the healthcare system due to the emergence of fast-transmitting SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants. The emergence and spread of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant considered to be driving the devastating second wave of COVID-19 in India. Currently, the Delta variant has rapidly overtaken the previously circulating variants to become the dominant strain. Critical mutations in the spike/RBD region of these variants have raised serious concerns about the virus's increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine effectiveness. As a result, significant scientific and public concern has been expressed about the impact of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to provide an additional explanation in the context of the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 variants in India, the vaccine-induced immune response to the variants of concern (VOC), and various vaccine deployment strategies to rapidly increase population immunity. CONTENT: Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in India suggests the emergence and spread of B.1.617 variant. The immunogenicity of currently approved vaccines indicates that the majority of vaccines elicit an antibody response and some level of protection. According to current data, vaccines in the pre-fusion configuration (2p substitution) have an advantage in terms of nAb titer, but the duration of vaccine-induced immunity, as well as the role of T cells and memory B cells in protection, remain unknown. Since vaccine efficacy on virus variants is one of the major factors to be considered for achieving herd immunity, existing vaccines need to be improved or effective next-generation vaccines should be developed to cover the new variants of the virus. Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2021 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8387243/ /pubmed/34454775 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.001 Text en © 2021 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Special Article Jacob, Jobin John John Fletcher, G. Monisha Priya, T. Veeraraghavan, Balaji Mutreja, Ankur Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
title | Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
title_full | Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
title_fullStr | Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed | Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
title_short | Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
title_sort | relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of sars-cov-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics |
topic | Special Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34454775 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.001 |
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