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Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether phacoemulsification can generate aerosolized single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and retain sequence integrity using an artificial eye model for experimental cataract surgery. METHODS: A simulation of cataract surgery was performed using an anteri...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387550/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34436645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05350-6 |
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author | Cacciamani, Andrea Scarinci, Fabio Bruno, Luca Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Cafiero, Concetta Re, Agnese Cosimi, Pamela Ripandelli, Guido Micera, Alessandra |
author_facet | Cacciamani, Andrea Scarinci, Fabio Bruno, Luca Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Cafiero, Concetta Re, Agnese Cosimi, Pamela Ripandelli, Guido Micera, Alessandra |
author_sort | Cacciamani, Andrea |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether phacoemulsification can generate aerosolized single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and retain sequence integrity using an artificial eye model for experimental cataract surgery. METHODS: A simulation of cataract surgery was performed using an anterior chamber eye model filled with an ssRNA probe at different scalar dilutions (kanamycin positive control ssRNA). A plastic conical cage was built over the artificial eye surface of the mock-up. A total of 24 tests (twice reproduced) were performed, and five nitrocellulose strips were placed 15 cm from the artificial surface of the mock-up and used to collect aerosol particles, from each experiment. Phaco-activity was mimicked using a phacoemulsification equipped with a 2.75-mm tip, and strips were removed at the end of the procedure. RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed and compared. RESULTS: Strips collected aerosol droplets enriched with ssRNA, mainly at the higher concentrations tested, compared to related untouched standard solutions. Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis confirmed the presence of intact ssRNA fragments. As observed from densitometric analysis of resolved RNA in extracted samples and cDNA bands after retro-transcription, lower concentrations of ssRNA were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: As the main output of the study, the phaco-generated aerosol can deliver an intact ssRNA sequence. Since the aerosol can potentially reach the operator’s face, any biological agent (virus/bacteria) potentially inside the anterior chamber of a patient undergoing cataract surgery, eventually escaping from biomolecular checks, can be potentially infective for operators. The data reported herein suggest that collective versus individual protective countermeasures should always be encouraged in ocular surgery and should not be restricted to coronavirus disease emergencies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8387550 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83875502021-08-26 Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation Cacciamani, Andrea Scarinci, Fabio Bruno, Luca Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Cafiero, Concetta Re, Agnese Cosimi, Pamela Ripandelli, Guido Micera, Alessandra Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Basic Science PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether phacoemulsification can generate aerosolized single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and retain sequence integrity using an artificial eye model for experimental cataract surgery. METHODS: A simulation of cataract surgery was performed using an anterior chamber eye model filled with an ssRNA probe at different scalar dilutions (kanamycin positive control ssRNA). A plastic conical cage was built over the artificial eye surface of the mock-up. A total of 24 tests (twice reproduced) were performed, and five nitrocellulose strips were placed 15 cm from the artificial surface of the mock-up and used to collect aerosol particles, from each experiment. Phaco-activity was mimicked using a phacoemulsification equipped with a 2.75-mm tip, and strips were removed at the end of the procedure. RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed and compared. RESULTS: Strips collected aerosol droplets enriched with ssRNA, mainly at the higher concentrations tested, compared to related untouched standard solutions. Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis confirmed the presence of intact ssRNA fragments. As observed from densitometric analysis of resolved RNA in extracted samples and cDNA bands after retro-transcription, lower concentrations of ssRNA were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: As the main output of the study, the phaco-generated aerosol can deliver an intact ssRNA sequence. Since the aerosol can potentially reach the operator’s face, any biological agent (virus/bacteria) potentially inside the anterior chamber of a patient undergoing cataract surgery, eventually escaping from biomolecular checks, can be potentially infective for operators. The data reported herein suggest that collective versus individual protective countermeasures should always be encouraged in ocular surgery and should not be restricted to coronavirus disease emergencies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-08-26 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8387550/ /pubmed/34436645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05350-6 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Basic Science Cacciamani, Andrea Scarinci, Fabio Bruno, Luca Balzamino, Bijorn Omar Cafiero, Concetta Re, Agnese Cosimi, Pamela Ripandelli, Guido Micera, Alessandra Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
title | Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
title_full | Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
title_fullStr | Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
title_full_unstemmed | Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
title_short | Phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
title_sort | phacoemulsification and nucleic acid-enriched aerosol: considerations from an eye model of cataract simulation |
topic | Basic Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387550/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34436645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05350-6 |
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