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The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and pose a major health burden due to limited treatment options. The novel AGXX® surface coating exerts strong antimicrobial activity and successfully kills multi-resistant pathogens, including MR...

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Autores principales: Linzner, Nico, Antelmann, Haike
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387631/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34456898
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731564
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author Linzner, Nico
Antelmann, Haike
author_facet Linzner, Nico
Antelmann, Haike
author_sort Linzner, Nico
collection PubMed
description Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and pose a major health burden due to limited treatment options. The novel AGXX® surface coating exerts strong antimicrobial activity and successfully kills multi-resistant pathogens, including MRSA. The mode of action of AGXX® particles involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce an oxidative and metal stress response, increased protein thiol-oxidations, protein aggregations, and an oxidized bacillithiol (BSH) redox state in S. aureus. In this work, we report that the AGXX® particle size determines the effective dose and time-course of S. aureus USA300JE2 killing. We found that the two charges AGXX®373 and AGXX®383 differ strongly in their effective concentrations and times required for microbial killing. While 20–40 μg/ml AGXX®373 of the smaller particle size of 1.5–2.5 μm resulted in >99.9% killing after 2 h, much higher amounts of 60–80 μg/ml AGXX®383 of the larger particle size of >3.2 μm led to a >99% killing of S. aureus USA300JE2 within 3 h. Smaller AGXX® particles have a higher surface/volume ratio and therefore higher antimicrobial activity to kill at lower concentrations in a shorter time period compared to the larger particles. Thus, in future preparations of AGXX® particles, the size of the particles should be kept at a minimum for maximal antimicrobial activity.
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spelling pubmed-83876312021-08-27 The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus Linzner, Nico Antelmann, Haike Front Microbiol Microbiology Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and pose a major health burden due to limited treatment options. The novel AGXX® surface coating exerts strong antimicrobial activity and successfully kills multi-resistant pathogens, including MRSA. The mode of action of AGXX® particles involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce an oxidative and metal stress response, increased protein thiol-oxidations, protein aggregations, and an oxidized bacillithiol (BSH) redox state in S. aureus. In this work, we report that the AGXX® particle size determines the effective dose and time-course of S. aureus USA300JE2 killing. We found that the two charges AGXX®373 and AGXX®383 differ strongly in their effective concentrations and times required for microbial killing. While 20–40 μg/ml AGXX®373 of the smaller particle size of 1.5–2.5 μm resulted in >99.9% killing after 2 h, much higher amounts of 60–80 μg/ml AGXX®383 of the larger particle size of >3.2 μm led to a >99% killing of S. aureus USA300JE2 within 3 h. Smaller AGXX® particles have a higher surface/volume ratio and therefore higher antimicrobial activity to kill at lower concentrations in a shorter time period compared to the larger particles. Thus, in future preparations of AGXX® particles, the size of the particles should be kept at a minimum for maximal antimicrobial activity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8387631/ /pubmed/34456898 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731564 Text en Copyright © 2021 Linzner and Antelmann. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Linzner, Nico
Antelmann, Haike
The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
title The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
title_full The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
title_short The Antimicrobial Activity of the AGXX® Surface Coating Requires a Small Particle Size to Efficiently Kill Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort antimicrobial activity of the agxx® surface coating requires a small particle size to efficiently kill staphylococcus aureus
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8387631/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34456898
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.731564
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