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In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a negative phenomenon occurring worldwide in both animals and humans. The EU banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production, as their administration to livestock is assumed to substantially contribute to the spre...

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Autores principales: Lalouckova, Klara, Mala, Lucie, Marsik, Petr, Skrivanova, Eva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8388408/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34438775
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082319
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author Lalouckova, Klara
Mala, Lucie
Marsik, Petr
Skrivanova, Eva
author_facet Lalouckova, Klara
Mala, Lucie
Marsik, Petr
Skrivanova, Eva
author_sort Lalouckova, Klara
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a negative phenomenon occurring worldwide in both animals and humans. The EU banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production, as their administration to livestock is assumed to substantially contribute to the spread of bacterial resistance. Therefore, alternatives to antibiotic substances are needed to maintain the quality and quantity of animal products. Certain plant materials, such as fermented soybean products, can serve as a source of substances with potential to decrease the growth of resistant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Fermented soybean products, including doenjang, are known to contain natural phytoestrogens called isoflavones, which are especially interesting due to their antimicrobial activity; these products can also be utilized in animal feed. Thus, the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang was evaluated using standardized microbiological methods against nine strains of resistant and sensitive S. aureus, including those occurring in animals. The extract has been shown to be active at a concentration range of 2048–4096 µg/mL against all tested S. aureus strains and can therefore serve as a promising alternative to antibiotics in animal feed after additional testing in the laboratory and on living animals. ABSTRACT: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed soyasaponin I and the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein to be the main components of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang, which is known to be a rich source of naturally occurring bioactive substances, at average contents of 515.40, 236.30, 131.23, and 29.00 ng/mg, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of doenjang against nine Staphylococcus aureus strains was determined in vitro by the broth microdilution method to investigate its potential to serve as an alternative antibacterial compound. The results suggest that the extract is an effective antistaphylococcal agent at concentrations of 2048–4096 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested extract also showed the ability to inhibit the growth of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant animal and clinical S. aureus isolates. The growth kinetics of the chosen strains of S. aureus at the minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract of doenjang support the idea that the tested extract acts as an antibacterial compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antistaphylococcal action of the methanolic extract of doenjang thus, additional studies including in vivo testing are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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spelling pubmed-83884082021-08-27 In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus Lalouckova, Klara Mala, Lucie Marsik, Petr Skrivanova, Eva Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a negative phenomenon occurring worldwide in both animals and humans. The EU banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal production, as their administration to livestock is assumed to substantially contribute to the spread of bacterial resistance. Therefore, alternatives to antibiotic substances are needed to maintain the quality and quantity of animal products. Certain plant materials, such as fermented soybean products, can serve as a source of substances with potential to decrease the growth of resistant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Fermented soybean products, including doenjang, are known to contain natural phytoestrogens called isoflavones, which are especially interesting due to their antimicrobial activity; these products can also be utilized in animal feed. Thus, the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang was evaluated using standardized microbiological methods against nine strains of resistant and sensitive S. aureus, including those occurring in animals. The extract has been shown to be active at a concentration range of 2048–4096 µg/mL against all tested S. aureus strains and can therefore serve as a promising alternative to antibiotics in animal feed after additional testing in the laboratory and on living animals. ABSTRACT: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed soyasaponin I and the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein to be the main components of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang, which is known to be a rich source of naturally occurring bioactive substances, at average contents of 515.40, 236.30, 131.23, and 29.00 ng/mg, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of doenjang against nine Staphylococcus aureus strains was determined in vitro by the broth microdilution method to investigate its potential to serve as an alternative antibacterial compound. The results suggest that the extract is an effective antistaphylococcal agent at concentrations of 2048–4096 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested extract also showed the ability to inhibit the growth of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant animal and clinical S. aureus isolates. The growth kinetics of the chosen strains of S. aureus at the minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract of doenjang support the idea that the tested extract acts as an antibacterial compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antistaphylococcal action of the methanolic extract of doenjang thus, additional studies including in vivo testing are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. MDPI 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8388408/ /pubmed/34438775 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082319 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lalouckova, Klara
Mala, Lucie
Marsik, Petr
Skrivanova, Eva
In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus
title In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus
title_full In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus
title_short In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort in vitro antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of the korean soybean fermented product doenjang against staphylococcus aureus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8388408/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34438775
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082319
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