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Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment

SIMPLE SUMMARY: A new integrated ecological risk assessment (ERA) including the IUCN Red List category, the body weight variation trend of 1989–2011 with large sample size (n > 678,000), and the inflection point of population growth curve coupled with the ERA was developed to assess the impact of...

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Autores principales: Liu, Kwang-Ming, Huang, Lung-Hsin, Su, Kuan-Yu, Joung, Shoou-Jeng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8388413/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34438619
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082161
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author Liu, Kwang-Ming
Huang, Lung-Hsin
Su, Kuan-Yu
Joung, Shoou-Jeng
author_facet Liu, Kwang-Ming
Huang, Lung-Hsin
Su, Kuan-Yu
Joung, Shoou-Jeng
author_sort Liu, Kwang-Ming
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: A new integrated ecological risk assessment (ERA) including the IUCN Red List category, the body weight variation trend of 1989–2011 with large sample size (n > 678,000), and the inflection point of population growth curve coupled with the ERA was developed to assess the impact of longline fishery on the pelagic sharks in the western North Pacific. The intrinsic rate of population growth was used to estimate the productivity, and the susceptibility was estimated by the multiplication of the catchability, selectivity, and post-capture mortality. Five groups were identified based on the cluster analysis coupling with non-parametric multi-dimensional scaling. Rigorous management measures are recommended for the scalloped hammerhead, silky, and spinner shark at highest risk, setting total allowable catch quota is recommended for the bigeye thresher, and sandbar shark, and a consistent monitoring scheme is suggested for the smooth hammerhead, shortfin mako, pelagic thresher, oceanic whitetip, and dusky shark. ABSTRACT: The vulnerability of 11 pelagic shark species caught by the Taiwanese coastal and offshore longline fisheries in the western North Pacific were assessed by an ecological risk assessment (ERA) and 10 of the 11 species was assessed by using an integrated ERA developed in this study. The intrinsic rate of population growth was used to estimate the productivity of sharks, and the susceptibility of sharks was estimated by the multiplication of the catchability, selectivity, and post-capture mortality. Three indices namely, the IUCN Red List category, the body weight variation trend, and the inflection point of population growth curve coupled with ERA were used to conduct an integrated ERA. The results indicated that the scalloped hammerhead is at the highest risk (group 1), followed by the silky shark, and the spinner shark at high risk (group 2). The bigeye thresher, and sandbar shark fall in group 3, the smooth hammerhead falls in group 4, and the shortfin mako, pelagic thresher, oceanic whitetip, and dusky shark fall in group 5. Rigorous management measures for the species in groups 1 and 2, setting total allowable catch quota for group 3, and consistent monitoring schemes for groups 4 and 5 are recommended.
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spelling pubmed-83884132021-08-27 Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment Liu, Kwang-Ming Huang, Lung-Hsin Su, Kuan-Yu Joung, Shoou-Jeng Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: A new integrated ecological risk assessment (ERA) including the IUCN Red List category, the body weight variation trend of 1989–2011 with large sample size (n > 678,000), and the inflection point of population growth curve coupled with the ERA was developed to assess the impact of longline fishery on the pelagic sharks in the western North Pacific. The intrinsic rate of population growth was used to estimate the productivity, and the susceptibility was estimated by the multiplication of the catchability, selectivity, and post-capture mortality. Five groups were identified based on the cluster analysis coupling with non-parametric multi-dimensional scaling. Rigorous management measures are recommended for the scalloped hammerhead, silky, and spinner shark at highest risk, setting total allowable catch quota is recommended for the bigeye thresher, and sandbar shark, and a consistent monitoring scheme is suggested for the smooth hammerhead, shortfin mako, pelagic thresher, oceanic whitetip, and dusky shark. ABSTRACT: The vulnerability of 11 pelagic shark species caught by the Taiwanese coastal and offshore longline fisheries in the western North Pacific were assessed by an ecological risk assessment (ERA) and 10 of the 11 species was assessed by using an integrated ERA developed in this study. The intrinsic rate of population growth was used to estimate the productivity of sharks, and the susceptibility of sharks was estimated by the multiplication of the catchability, selectivity, and post-capture mortality. Three indices namely, the IUCN Red List category, the body weight variation trend, and the inflection point of population growth curve coupled with ERA were used to conduct an integrated ERA. The results indicated that the scalloped hammerhead is at the highest risk (group 1), followed by the silky shark, and the spinner shark at high risk (group 2). The bigeye thresher, and sandbar shark fall in group 3, the smooth hammerhead falls in group 4, and the shortfin mako, pelagic thresher, oceanic whitetip, and dusky shark fall in group 5. Rigorous management measures for the species in groups 1 and 2, setting total allowable catch quota for group 3, and consistent monitoring schemes for groups 4 and 5 are recommended. MDPI 2021-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8388413/ /pubmed/34438619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082161 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Kwang-Ming
Huang, Lung-Hsin
Su, Kuan-Yu
Joung, Shoou-Jeng
Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment
title Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment
title_full Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment
title_fullStr Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment
title_full_unstemmed Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment
title_short Vulnerability Assessment of Pelagic Sharks in the Western North Pacific by Using an Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment
title_sort vulnerability assessment of pelagic sharks in the western north pacific by using an integrated ecological risk assessment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8388413/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34438619
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082161
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