In Vitro Production of Embryos from Prepubertal Holstein Cattle and Mediterranean Water Buffalo: Problems, Progress and Potential

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In vitro embryo production using oocytes from prepubertal cattle and buffalo collected by laparoscopy can be used to produce embryos from genetically superior females. Following transfer of these embryos into adult recipient animals, multiple offspring can be produced from these elite animals in a very short timeframe, long before they reach sexual maturity, thereby reducing the generation interval and accelerating genetic gain. This review article summarizes recent advances in this technology, outlines the current limitations, and suggests possible avenues to further improve this emerging biotechnology. ABSTRACT: Laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) coupled with in vitro embryo production (IVEP) in prepubertal cattle and buffalo accelerates genetic gain. This article reviews LOPU-IVEP technology in prepubertal Holstein Cattle and Mediterranean Water Buffalo. The recent expansion of genomic-assisted selection has renewed interest and demand for prepubertal LOPU-IVEP schemes; however, low blastocyst development rates has constrained its widespread implementation. Here, we present an overview of the current state of the technology, limitations that persist and suggest possible solutions to improve its efficiency, with a focus on gonadotropin stimulations strategies to prime oocytes prior to follicular aspiration, and IVEP procedures promoting growth factor metabolism and limiting oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.