Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Viroids remain the smallest infectious agents ever discovered. They are found in plants and consist of single-stranded non-coding circular RNA. Due to their simplicity, viroids are considered relics of an ancient RNA World that may have originated in the deep seas near hydrothermal v...

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Autores principales: Kaddour, Hussein, Lucchi, Honorine, Hervé, Guy, Vergne, Jacques, Maurel, Marie-Christine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439952
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080720
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author Kaddour, Hussein
Lucchi, Honorine
Hervé, Guy
Vergne, Jacques
Maurel, Marie-Christine
author_facet Kaddour, Hussein
Lucchi, Honorine
Hervé, Guy
Vergne, Jacques
Maurel, Marie-Christine
author_sort Kaddour, Hussein
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Viroids remain the smallest infectious agents ever discovered. They are found in plants and consist of single-stranded non-coding circular RNA. Due to their simplicity, viroids are considered relics of an ancient RNA World that may have originated in the deep seas near hydrothermal vents where temperature and pressure are both elevated. To test this hypothesis, a synthetic avocado sunblotch viroid, whose structure contain an autocatalytic hammerhead ribozyme, was subjected to increased pressure (from atmospheric pressure to 300 MPa) at different temperatures (0–65 °C) and the reaction rate constant of the catalytic activity was calculated for each condition. The results obtained allowed calculation of the positive activation volume of this viroid and revealed a compensatory effect between pressure and temperature. In conclusion, these results not only exemplify the plasticity of RNA and support the RNA World hypothesis, but also highlight the usefulness of the hydrostatic pressure in understanding the structure–function relationships of biomacromolecules. ABSTRACT: A high pressure apparatus allowing one to study enzyme kinetics under pressure was used to study the self-cleavage activity of the avocado sunblotch viroid. The kinetics of this reaction were determined under pressure over a range up to 300 MPa (1–3000 bar). It appears that the initial rate of this reaction decreases when pressure increases, revealing a positive ΔV≠ of activation, which correlates with the domain closure accompanying the reaction and the decrease of the surface of the viroid exposed to the solvent. Although, as expected, temperature increases the rate of the reaction whose energy of activation was determined, it appeared that it does not significantly influence the ΔV≠ of activation and that pressure does not influence the energy of activation. These results provide information about the structural aspects or this self-cleavage reaction, which is involved in the process of maturation of this viroid. The behavior of ASBVd results from the involvement of the hammerhead ribozyme present at its catalytic domain, indeed a structural motif is very widespread in the ancient and current RNA world.
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spelling pubmed-83892642021-08-27 Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth † Kaddour, Hussein Lucchi, Honorine Hervé, Guy Vergne, Jacques Maurel, Marie-Christine Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Viroids remain the smallest infectious agents ever discovered. They are found in plants and consist of single-stranded non-coding circular RNA. Due to their simplicity, viroids are considered relics of an ancient RNA World that may have originated in the deep seas near hydrothermal vents where temperature and pressure are both elevated. To test this hypothesis, a synthetic avocado sunblotch viroid, whose structure contain an autocatalytic hammerhead ribozyme, was subjected to increased pressure (from atmospheric pressure to 300 MPa) at different temperatures (0–65 °C) and the reaction rate constant of the catalytic activity was calculated for each condition. The results obtained allowed calculation of the positive activation volume of this viroid and revealed a compensatory effect between pressure and temperature. In conclusion, these results not only exemplify the plasticity of RNA and support the RNA World hypothesis, but also highlight the usefulness of the hydrostatic pressure in understanding the structure–function relationships of biomacromolecules. ABSTRACT: A high pressure apparatus allowing one to study enzyme kinetics under pressure was used to study the self-cleavage activity of the avocado sunblotch viroid. The kinetics of this reaction were determined under pressure over a range up to 300 MPa (1–3000 bar). It appears that the initial rate of this reaction decreases when pressure increases, revealing a positive ΔV≠ of activation, which correlates with the domain closure accompanying the reaction and the decrease of the surface of the viroid exposed to the solvent. Although, as expected, temperature increases the rate of the reaction whose energy of activation was determined, it appeared that it does not significantly influence the ΔV≠ of activation and that pressure does not influence the energy of activation. These results provide information about the structural aspects or this self-cleavage reaction, which is involved in the process of maturation of this viroid. The behavior of ASBVd results from the involvement of the hammerhead ribozyme present at its catalytic domain, indeed a structural motif is very widespread in the ancient and current RNA world. MDPI 2021-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8389264/ /pubmed/34439952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080720 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kaddour, Hussein
Lucchi, Honorine
Hervé, Guy
Vergne, Jacques
Maurel, Marie-Christine
Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †
title Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †
title_full Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †
title_fullStr Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †
title_full_unstemmed Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †
title_short Kinetic Study of the Avocado Sunblotch Viroid Self-Cleavage Reaction Reveals Compensatory Effects between High-Pressure and High-Temperature: Implications for Origins of Life on Earth †
title_sort kinetic study of the avocado sunblotch viroid self-cleavage reaction reveals compensatory effects between high-pressure and high-temperature: implications for origins of life on earth †
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439952
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080720
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