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Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina

Anaplasmosis, caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, is an important veterinary and zoonotic disease. Transmission by ticks has been characterized but little is known about non-tick vectors of livestock anaplasmosis. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in camels...

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Autores principales: Bargul, Joel L., Kidambasi, Kevin O., Getahun, Merid N., Villinger, Jandouwe, Copeland, Robert S., Muema, Jackson M., Carrington, Mark, Masiga, Daniel K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34398891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009671
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author Bargul, Joel L.
Kidambasi, Kevin O.
Getahun, Merid N.
Villinger, Jandouwe
Copeland, Robert S.
Muema, Jackson M.
Carrington, Mark
Masiga, Daniel K.
author_facet Bargul, Joel L.
Kidambasi, Kevin O.
Getahun, Merid N.
Villinger, Jandouwe
Copeland, Robert S.
Muema, Jackson M.
Carrington, Mark
Masiga, Daniel K.
author_sort Bargul, Joel L.
collection PubMed
description Anaplasmosis, caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, is an important veterinary and zoonotic disease. Transmission by ticks has been characterized but little is known about non-tick vectors of livestock anaplasmosis. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in camels in northern Kenya and whether the hematophagous camel ked, Hippobosca camelina, acts as a vector. Camels (n = 976) and > 10,000 keds were sampled over a three-year study period and the presence of Anaplasma species was determined by PCR-based assays targeting the Anaplasmataceae 16S rRNA gene. Camels were infected by a single species of Anaplasma, ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’, with infection rates ranging from 63–78% during the dry (September 2017), wet (June-July 2018), and late wet seasons (July-August 2019). 10–29% of camel keds harbored ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ acquired from infected camels during blood feeding. We determined that Anaplasma-positive camel keds could transmit ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits via blood-feeding. We show competence in pathogen transmission and subsequent infection in mice and rabbits by microscopic observation in blood smears and by PCR. Transmission of ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ to mice (8–47%) and rabbits (25%) occurred readily after ked bites. Hence, we demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of H. camelina as a vector of anaplasmosis. This key finding provides the rationale for establishing ked control programmes for improvement of livestock and human health.
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spelling pubmed-83894262021-08-27 Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina Bargul, Joel L. Kidambasi, Kevin O. Getahun, Merid N. Villinger, Jandouwe Copeland, Robert S. Muema, Jackson M. Carrington, Mark Masiga, Daniel K. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Anaplasmosis, caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, is an important veterinary and zoonotic disease. Transmission by ticks has been characterized but little is known about non-tick vectors of livestock anaplasmosis. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in camels in northern Kenya and whether the hematophagous camel ked, Hippobosca camelina, acts as a vector. Camels (n = 976) and > 10,000 keds were sampled over a three-year study period and the presence of Anaplasma species was determined by PCR-based assays targeting the Anaplasmataceae 16S rRNA gene. Camels were infected by a single species of Anaplasma, ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’, with infection rates ranging from 63–78% during the dry (September 2017), wet (June-July 2018), and late wet seasons (July-August 2019). 10–29% of camel keds harbored ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ acquired from infected camels during blood feeding. We determined that Anaplasma-positive camel keds could transmit ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits via blood-feeding. We show competence in pathogen transmission and subsequent infection in mice and rabbits by microscopic observation in blood smears and by PCR. Transmission of ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ to mice (8–47%) and rabbits (25%) occurred readily after ked bites. Hence, we demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of H. camelina as a vector of anaplasmosis. This key finding provides the rationale for establishing ked control programmes for improvement of livestock and human health. Public Library of Science 2021-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8389426/ /pubmed/34398891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009671 Text en © 2021 Bargul et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bargul, Joel L.
Kidambasi, Kevin O.
Getahun, Merid N.
Villinger, Jandouwe
Copeland, Robert S.
Muema, Jackson M.
Carrington, Mark
Masiga, Daniel K.
Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina
title Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina
title_full Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina
title_fullStr Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina
title_full_unstemmed Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina
title_short Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina
title_sort transmission of ‘candidatus anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, hippobosca camelina
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34398891
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009671
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