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Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in predicting risk of reinfection and durability of vaccine protection. METHODS: This is a prospective, monocentric, longitudinal, cohort clinical study. Healthcare workers (HCW) from Strasbourg University Hospital were enr...

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Autores principales: Gallais, Floriane, Gantner, Pierre, Bruel, Timothée, Velay, Aurélie, Planas, Delphine, Wendling, Marie-Josée, Bayer, Sophie, Solis, Morgane, Laugel, Elodie, Reix, Nathalie, Schneider, Anne, Glady, Ludovic, Panaget, Baptiste, Collongues, Nicolas, Partisani, Marialuisa, Lessinger, Jean-Marc, Fontanet, Arnaud, Rey, David, Hansmann, Yves, Kling-Pillitteri, Laurence, Schwartz, Olivier, De Sèze, Jérome, Meyer, Nicolas, Gonzalez, Maria, Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine, Fafi-Kremer, Samira
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8390300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34455390
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103561
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author Gallais, Floriane
Gantner, Pierre
Bruel, Timothée
Velay, Aurélie
Planas, Delphine
Wendling, Marie-Josée
Bayer, Sophie
Solis, Morgane
Laugel, Elodie
Reix, Nathalie
Schneider, Anne
Glady, Ludovic
Panaget, Baptiste
Collongues, Nicolas
Partisani, Marialuisa
Lessinger, Jean-Marc
Fontanet, Arnaud
Rey, David
Hansmann, Yves
Kling-Pillitteri, Laurence
Schwartz, Olivier
De Sèze, Jérome
Meyer, Nicolas
Gonzalez, Maria
Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine
Fafi-Kremer, Samira
author_facet Gallais, Floriane
Gantner, Pierre
Bruel, Timothée
Velay, Aurélie
Planas, Delphine
Wendling, Marie-Josée
Bayer, Sophie
Solis, Morgane
Laugel, Elodie
Reix, Nathalie
Schneider, Anne
Glady, Ludovic
Panaget, Baptiste
Collongues, Nicolas
Partisani, Marialuisa
Lessinger, Jean-Marc
Fontanet, Arnaud
Rey, David
Hansmann, Yves
Kling-Pillitteri, Laurence
Schwartz, Olivier
De Sèze, Jérome
Meyer, Nicolas
Gonzalez, Maria
Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine
Fafi-Kremer, Samira
author_sort Gallais, Floriane
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Assessment of the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in predicting risk of reinfection and durability of vaccine protection. METHODS: This is a prospective, monocentric, longitudinal, cohort clinical study. Healthcare workers (HCW) from Strasbourg University Hospital were enrolled between April 6th and May 7th, 2020 and followed up to 422 days. Serial serum samples were tested for antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein (N) to characterize the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the incidence of reinfection. Live-neutralization assays were performed for a subset of samples before and after vaccination to analyze sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants. FINDINGS: A total of 4290 samples from 393 convalescent COVID-19 and 916 COVID-19 negative individuals were analyzed. In convalescent individuals, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies followed a triphasic kinetic model with half-lives at month (M) 11–13 of 283 days (95% CI 231–349) for anti-N and 725 days (95% CI 623–921) for anti-RBD IgG, which stabilized at a median of 1.54 log BAU/mL (95% CI 1.42–1.67). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 12.22 and 0.40 per 100 person-years in COVID-19-negative and COVID-19-positive HCW, respectively, indicating a relative reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of 96.7%. Live-virus neutralization assay revealed that after one year, variants D614G and B.1.1.7, but less so B.1.351, were sensitive to anti-RBD antibodies at 1.4 log BAU/mL, while IgG ≥ 2.0 log BAU/mL strongly neutralized all three variants. These latter anti-RBD IgG titers were reached by all vaccinated HCW regardless of pre-vaccination IgG levels and type of vaccine. INTERPRETATION: Our study demonstrates a long-term persistence of anti-RBD antibodies that may reduce risk of reinfection. By significantly increasing cross-neutralizing antibody titers, a single-dose vaccination strengthens protection against variants. FUN1DING: None.
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spelling pubmed-83903002021-08-27 Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection Gallais, Floriane Gantner, Pierre Bruel, Timothée Velay, Aurélie Planas, Delphine Wendling, Marie-Josée Bayer, Sophie Solis, Morgane Laugel, Elodie Reix, Nathalie Schneider, Anne Glady, Ludovic Panaget, Baptiste Collongues, Nicolas Partisani, Marialuisa Lessinger, Jean-Marc Fontanet, Arnaud Rey, David Hansmann, Yves Kling-Pillitteri, Laurence Schwartz, Olivier De Sèze, Jérome Meyer, Nicolas Gonzalez, Maria Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine Fafi-Kremer, Samira EBioMedicine Research Paper BACKGROUND: Assessment of the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in predicting risk of reinfection and durability of vaccine protection. METHODS: This is a prospective, monocentric, longitudinal, cohort clinical study. Healthcare workers (HCW) from Strasbourg University Hospital were enrolled between April 6th and May 7th, 2020 and followed up to 422 days. Serial serum samples were tested for antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein (N) to characterize the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the incidence of reinfection. Live-neutralization assays were performed for a subset of samples before and after vaccination to analyze sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants. FINDINGS: A total of 4290 samples from 393 convalescent COVID-19 and 916 COVID-19 negative individuals were analyzed. In convalescent individuals, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies followed a triphasic kinetic model with half-lives at month (M) 11–13 of 283 days (95% CI 231–349) for anti-N and 725 days (95% CI 623–921) for anti-RBD IgG, which stabilized at a median of 1.54 log BAU/mL (95% CI 1.42–1.67). The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 12.22 and 0.40 per 100 person-years in COVID-19-negative and COVID-19-positive HCW, respectively, indicating a relative reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of 96.7%. Live-virus neutralization assay revealed that after one year, variants D614G and B.1.1.7, but less so B.1.351, were sensitive to anti-RBD antibodies at 1.4 log BAU/mL, while IgG ≥ 2.0 log BAU/mL strongly neutralized all three variants. These latter anti-RBD IgG titers were reached by all vaccinated HCW regardless of pre-vaccination IgG levels and type of vaccine. INTERPRETATION: Our study demonstrates a long-term persistence of anti-RBD antibodies that may reduce risk of reinfection. By significantly increasing cross-neutralizing antibody titers, a single-dose vaccination strengthens protection against variants. FUN1DING: None. Elsevier 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8390300/ /pubmed/34455390 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103561 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Paper
Gallais, Floriane
Gantner, Pierre
Bruel, Timothée
Velay, Aurélie
Planas, Delphine
Wendling, Marie-Josée
Bayer, Sophie
Solis, Morgane
Laugel, Elodie
Reix, Nathalie
Schneider, Anne
Glady, Ludovic
Panaget, Baptiste
Collongues, Nicolas
Partisani, Marialuisa
Lessinger, Jean-Marc
Fontanet, Arnaud
Rey, David
Hansmann, Yves
Kling-Pillitteri, Laurence
Schwartz, Olivier
De Sèze, Jérome
Meyer, Nicolas
Gonzalez, Maria
Schmidt-Mutter, Catherine
Fafi-Kremer, Samira
Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection
title Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection
title_full Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection
title_fullStr Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection
title_short Evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of reinfection
title_sort evolution of antibody responses up to 13 months after sars-cov-2 infection and risk of reinfection
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8390300/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34455390
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103561
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