Assessment of Biolog Ecoplate(TM) method for functional metabolic diversity of aerotolerant pig fecal microbiota

ABSTRACT: In the last decades, gut microbiota and its role in mammal host development and health have been increasingly investigated. Metabolites produced by gut microbiota can affect intestinal homeostasis and immune system maturity and activation, and in turn, they can influence the health and growth performance of livestock. Therefore, a better understanding of the functional metabolic capability of the gut microbiota would be appreciated by the scientific community. In this study, the Biolog(TM) Ecoplates technology was applied for studying the metabolic potential of the aerotolerant microbial community of pig fecal samples, evaluating the interference of different storage conditions and cell concentrations. The length of time for which a fecal sample maintained detectable and unchanged microbial metabolic activity was also investigated. Two assays aimed to evaluate differences in the metabolic activities between fresh and snap-frozen fecal samples at different dilutions and at different lengths of times of preservation at −80°C were carried out. The biodiversity and the predicted functionality of the entire bacterial community through a targeted metagenomic approach were also explored. The results highlighted that snap freezing of fecal samples preserved the metabolic activity of the microbial community when compared to fresh feces. Sample storage at −80 °C did not significantly affect the metabolic activity of the microbial community, which was stable for 150 days. Furthermore, the highest metabolic activity was detected with 1:2 to 1:5 dilutions of the stock suspension. Biolog(TM) Ecoplates technology is a rapid and useful method to explore microbial communities’ metabolism in animal fecal samples contributing to investigate host animal physiology. KEY POINTS: • Freezing of samples can preserve the functional activity of the aerotolerant microbial community for 150 days. • The concentration of microbial cells strongly influences metabolic activity detection. • Sequencing coupled with the Biolog(TM) Ecoplates could be a strategy to evaluate the metabolic potential of the microbiota of the fecal sample. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11449-x.