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Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of gender inequality index (GII) with healthcare access and quality index (HAQI) for the male to female ratio of confirmed COVID-19 cases. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of COVID-19 cases with GII and HAQI datasets. METHODS: Data for sex-disaggregated COVID-1...

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Autor principal: Baig, K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8390881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34461450
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.033
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author Baig, K.
author_facet Baig, K.
author_sort Baig, K.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of gender inequality index (GII) with healthcare access and quality index (HAQI) for the male to female ratio of confirmed COVID-19 cases. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of COVID-19 cases with GII and HAQI datasets. METHODS: Data for sex-disaggregated COVID-19 cases were collected from Global Health 50/50, for GII from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and for HAQI from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). We used Spearman's correlation in SPSS version 23 to evaluate the association between the variables. RESULTS: Cambodia had the highest male to female ratio (M:F) of 4.08:1, followed by Pakistan (M:F = 2.85:1) and Nepal (M:F = 2.69:1). We observed a positive correlation between GII and M:F ratio (Spearman's rho = 0.681, P-value <0.001) and a negative correlation between HAQI and M:F ratio (Spearman's rho = −0.676, P-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Countries with institutionalised gender disparities and poor healthcare access and quality tend to have higher M:F ratios of confirmed COVID-19 cases; thus, highlighting underutilisation of testing services, influenced by multiple individuals, social and policy factors. Robust gender-based data are required to understand disparities throughout the continuum of care and to devise gender-responsive pandemic strategies.
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spelling pubmed-83908812021-08-27 Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic Baig, K. Public Health Short Communication OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of gender inequality index (GII) with healthcare access and quality index (HAQI) for the male to female ratio of confirmed COVID-19 cases. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of COVID-19 cases with GII and HAQI datasets. METHODS: Data for sex-disaggregated COVID-19 cases were collected from Global Health 50/50, for GII from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and for HAQI from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). We used Spearman's correlation in SPSS version 23 to evaluate the association between the variables. RESULTS: Cambodia had the highest male to female ratio (M:F) of 4.08:1, followed by Pakistan (M:F = 2.85:1) and Nepal (M:F = 2.69:1). We observed a positive correlation between GII and M:F ratio (Spearman's rho = 0.681, P-value <0.001) and a negative correlation between HAQI and M:F ratio (Spearman's rho = −0.676, P-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Countries with institutionalised gender disparities and poor healthcare access and quality tend to have higher M:F ratios of confirmed COVID-19 cases; thus, highlighting underutilisation of testing services, influenced by multiple individuals, social and policy factors. Robust gender-based data are required to understand disparities throughout the continuum of care and to devise gender-responsive pandemic strategies. The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2021-09 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8390881/ /pubmed/34461450 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.033 Text en © 2021 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Short Communication
Baig, K.
Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic
title Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic
title_short Contextualising gender intersectionality with the COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort contextualising gender intersectionality with the covid-19 pandemic
topic Short Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8390881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34461450
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.033
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