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May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity
All terrestrial organisms have evolved and adapted to thrive under Earth’s gravitational force. Due to the increase of crewed space flights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the lack of gravitational forces affects organisms. It is known that astronauts who have been exposed to microgra...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8391211/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081941 |
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author | ElGindi, Mei Sapudom, Jiranuwat Ibrahim, Ibrahim Hamed Al-Sayegh, Mohamed Chen, Weiqiang Garcia-Sabaté, Anna Teo, Jeremy C. M. |
author_facet | ElGindi, Mei Sapudom, Jiranuwat Ibrahim, Ibrahim Hamed Al-Sayegh, Mohamed Chen, Weiqiang Garcia-Sabaté, Anna Teo, Jeremy C. M. |
author_sort | ElGindi, Mei |
collection | PubMed |
description | All terrestrial organisms have evolved and adapted to thrive under Earth’s gravitational force. Due to the increase of crewed space flights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the lack of gravitational forces affects organisms. It is known that astronauts who have been exposed to microgravity suffer from an array of pathological conditions including an impaired immune system, which is one of the most negatively affected by microgravity. However, at the cellular level a gap in knowledge exists, limiting our ability to understand immune impairment in space. This review highlights the most significant work done over the past 10 years detailing the effects of microgravity on cellular aspects of the immune system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8391211 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83912112021-08-28 May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity ElGindi, Mei Sapudom, Jiranuwat Ibrahim, Ibrahim Hamed Al-Sayegh, Mohamed Chen, Weiqiang Garcia-Sabaté, Anna Teo, Jeremy C. M. Cells Review All terrestrial organisms have evolved and adapted to thrive under Earth’s gravitational force. Due to the increase of crewed space flights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the lack of gravitational forces affects organisms. It is known that astronauts who have been exposed to microgravity suffer from an array of pathological conditions including an impaired immune system, which is one of the most negatively affected by microgravity. However, at the cellular level a gap in knowledge exists, limiting our ability to understand immune impairment in space. This review highlights the most significant work done over the past 10 years detailing the effects of microgravity on cellular aspects of the immune system. MDPI 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8391211/ /pubmed/34440709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081941 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review ElGindi, Mei Sapudom, Jiranuwat Ibrahim, Ibrahim Hamed Al-Sayegh, Mohamed Chen, Weiqiang Garcia-Sabaté, Anna Teo, Jeremy C. M. May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity |
title | May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity |
title_full | May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity |
title_fullStr | May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity |
title_full_unstemmed | May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity |
title_short | May the Force Be with You (Or Not): The Immune System under Microgravity |
title_sort | may the force be with you (or not): the immune system under microgravity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8391211/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081941 |
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