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Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site
Meteorological variables have a noticeable impact on pollutant concentrations. Among these variables, wind speed is typically measured, although research into how pollutants respond to it can be improved. This study considers nine years of hourly CO(2) and CH(4) measurements at a rural site, where w...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8391738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34444147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168397 |
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author | Pérez, Isidro A. García, María de los Ángeles Sánchez, María Luisa Pardo, Nuria |
author_facet | Pérez, Isidro A. García, María de los Ángeles Sánchez, María Luisa Pardo, Nuria |
author_sort | Pérez, Isidro A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Meteorological variables have a noticeable impact on pollutant concentrations. Among these variables, wind speed is typically measured, although research into how pollutants respond to it can be improved. This study considers nine years of hourly CO(2) and CH(4) measurements at a rural site, where wind speed values were calculated by the METEX model. Nine wind speed intervals are proposed where concentrations, distribution functions, and daily as well as annual cycles are calculated. Contrasts between local and transported concentrations are around 5 and 0.03 ppm for CO(2) and CH(4), respectively. Seven skewed distributions are applied, and five efficiency criteria are considered to test the goodness of fit, with the modified Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency proving to be the most sensitive statistic. The Gumbel distribution is seen to be the most suitable for CO(2), whereas the Weibull distribution is chosen for CH(4), with the exponential function being the worst. Finally, daily and annual cycles are analysed, where a gradual decrease in amplitude is observed, particularly for the daily cycle. Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to fit both cycles. The latter gave the best fits, with the agreement being higher for the daily cycle, where evolution is smoother than for the annual cycle. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8391738 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83917382021-08-28 Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site Pérez, Isidro A. García, María de los Ángeles Sánchez, María Luisa Pardo, Nuria Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Meteorological variables have a noticeable impact on pollutant concentrations. Among these variables, wind speed is typically measured, although research into how pollutants respond to it can be improved. This study considers nine years of hourly CO(2) and CH(4) measurements at a rural site, where wind speed values were calculated by the METEX model. Nine wind speed intervals are proposed where concentrations, distribution functions, and daily as well as annual cycles are calculated. Contrasts between local and transported concentrations are around 5 and 0.03 ppm for CO(2) and CH(4), respectively. Seven skewed distributions are applied, and five efficiency criteria are considered to test the goodness of fit, with the modified Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency proving to be the most sensitive statistic. The Gumbel distribution is seen to be the most suitable for CO(2), whereas the Weibull distribution is chosen for CH(4), with the exponential function being the worst. Finally, daily and annual cycles are analysed, where a gradual decrease in amplitude is observed, particularly for the daily cycle. Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to fit both cycles. The latter gave the best fits, with the agreement being higher for the daily cycle, where evolution is smoother than for the annual cycle. MDPI 2021-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8391738/ /pubmed/34444147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168397 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pérez, Isidro A. García, María de los Ángeles Sánchez, María Luisa Pardo, Nuria Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site |
title | Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site |
title_full | Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site |
title_fullStr | Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site |
title_short | Influence of Wind Speed on CO(2) and CH(4) Concentrations at a Rural Site |
title_sort | influence of wind speed on co(2) and ch(4) concentrations at a rural site |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8391738/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34444147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168397 |
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