Influence of Electrotherapy with Task-Oriented Training on Spasticity, Hand Function, Upper Limb Function, and Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial

The effects of electrotherapy with task-oriented training on upper limb function in subacute stroke patients are unclear. This study investigated the influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with task-oriented training on spasticity, hand function, upper limb function, and activities of daily living in patients with subacute stroke. Forty-eight patients with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to either the TENS group (n = 22) or the placebo-TENS group (n = 21). High-frequency (100 Hz) TENS with below-motor threshold intensity or placebo-TENS was applied for 30 min/day, five times a week, for 4 weeks. The two groups also received task-oriented training after TENS. The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), Manual Function Test (MFT), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to assess spasticity, hand function, upper limb function, and activities of daily living, respectively. There was a significant time–group interaction with the MFT (p = 0.003). The TENS group showed significantly improved MAS (p = 0.003), JTHFT (p < 0.001), MFT (p < 0.001), and MBI (p < 0.001) scores after the intervention. The placebo-TENS group showed significantly improved JTHFT (p < 0.001), MFT (p = 0.001), and MBI scores (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the MFT and MBI scores (p = 0.025). These results suggest that electrotherapy with task-oriented training can be used to improve upper limb function in patients with subacute stroke.