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Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cause of primary liver cancer deaths worldwide. The major risk factors for liver cancer development are cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and chronic alcohol abuse. HCC displays heterogeneity in terms of biology,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081274 |
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author | Huang, Lien-Hung Hsieh, Ting-Min Huang, Chun-Ying Liu, Yueh-Wei Wu, Shao-Chun Chien, Peng-Chen Hsieh, Ching-Hua |
author_facet | Huang, Lien-Hung Hsieh, Ting-Min Huang, Chun-Ying Liu, Yueh-Wei Wu, Shao-Chun Chien, Peng-Chen Hsieh, Ching-Hua |
author_sort | Huang, Lien-Hung |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cause of primary liver cancer deaths worldwide. The major risk factors for liver cancer development are cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and chronic alcohol abuse. HCC displays heterogeneity in terms of biology, etiology, and epidemiology. In Southeast Asia and Africa, chronic HBV infection is a major risk factor for HCC, whereas chronic HCV infection is a risk factor for HCC in western countries and Japan. Environmental and genetic conditions also play a role in the regional and temporal variations in the incidence of HCC. In this study, we used the ESTIMATE (ESTIMATE, Estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression data) algorithm and the CIBERSOFT tool to analyze gene expression profiles and infiltrating immune cells in HCC between Asian and non-Asian patients. The results showed that stromal and immune scores were dependent on overall survival (OS) in non-Asian patients but not in Asian patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly associated with OS in non-Asian patients only. CIBERSORT (CIBERSORT, Cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of known RNA transcripts) analysis indicated that the composition of infiltrating immune cells was significantly different between Asian and non-Asian patients. By parsing the subclasses of HCC, the ability to predict prognosis and guide therapeutic targets for potentially actionable HCC may be improved. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8392256 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83922562021-08-28 Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations Huang, Lien-Hung Hsieh, Ting-Min Huang, Chun-Ying Liu, Yueh-Wei Wu, Shao-Chun Chien, Peng-Chen Hsieh, Ching-Hua Genes (Basel) Article Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cause of primary liver cancer deaths worldwide. The major risk factors for liver cancer development are cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and chronic alcohol abuse. HCC displays heterogeneity in terms of biology, etiology, and epidemiology. In Southeast Asia and Africa, chronic HBV infection is a major risk factor for HCC, whereas chronic HCV infection is a risk factor for HCC in western countries and Japan. Environmental and genetic conditions also play a role in the regional and temporal variations in the incidence of HCC. In this study, we used the ESTIMATE (ESTIMATE, Estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues using expression data) algorithm and the CIBERSOFT tool to analyze gene expression profiles and infiltrating immune cells in HCC between Asian and non-Asian patients. The results showed that stromal and immune scores were dependent on overall survival (OS) in non-Asian patients but not in Asian patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly associated with OS in non-Asian patients only. CIBERSORT (CIBERSORT, Cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of known RNA transcripts) analysis indicated that the composition of infiltrating immune cells was significantly different between Asian and non-Asian patients. By parsing the subclasses of HCC, the ability to predict prognosis and guide therapeutic targets for potentially actionable HCC may be improved. MDPI 2021-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8392256/ /pubmed/34440448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081274 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Lien-Hung Hsieh, Ting-Min Huang, Chun-Ying Liu, Yueh-Wei Wu, Shao-Chun Chien, Peng-Chen Hsieh, Ching-Hua Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations |
title | Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations |
title_full | Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations |
title_fullStr | Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations |
title_full_unstemmed | Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations |
title_short | Disparity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes and Infiltrating Immune Cells between Asian and Non-Asian Populations |
title_sort | disparity of hepatocellular carcinoma in tumor microenvironment-related genes and infiltrating immune cells between asian and non-asian populations |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081274 |
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