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A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel

Developing multifunctional systems for the biomimetic remineralization of human enamel is a challenging task, since hydroxyapatite (HAP) rod structures of tooth enamel are difficult to replicate artificially. The paper presents the first report on the simultaneous use of chitosan (CS) and agarose (A...

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Autores principales: Muşat, Viorica, Anghel, Elena Maria, Zaharia, Agripina, Atkinson, Irina, Mocioiu, Oana Cătălina, Buşilă, Mariana, Alexandru, Petrică
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439803
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081137
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author Muşat, Viorica
Anghel, Elena Maria
Zaharia, Agripina
Atkinson, Irina
Mocioiu, Oana Cătălina
Buşilă, Mariana
Alexandru, Petrică
author_facet Muşat, Viorica
Anghel, Elena Maria
Zaharia, Agripina
Atkinson, Irina
Mocioiu, Oana Cătălina
Buşilă, Mariana
Alexandru, Petrică
author_sort Muşat, Viorica
collection PubMed
description Developing multifunctional systems for the biomimetic remineralization of human enamel is a challenging task, since hydroxyapatite (HAP) rod structures of tooth enamel are difficult to replicate artificially. The paper presents the first report on the simultaneous use of chitosan (CS) and agarose (A) in a biopolymer-based hydrogel for the biomimetic remineralization of an acid-etched native enamel surface during 4–10-day immersion in artificial saliva with or without (control group) fluoride. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness tests were applied to investigate the properties of the acid-etched and remineralized dental enamel layers under A and CS-A hydrogels. The results show that all biomimetic epitaxial reconstructed layers consist mostly of a similar hierarchical HAP structure to the native enamel from nano- to microscale. An analogous Ca/P ratio (1.64) to natural tooth enamel and microhardness recovery of 77.4% of the enamel-like layer are obtained by a 7-day remineralization process in artificial saliva under CS-A hydrogels. The CS component reduced carbonation and moderated the formation of HAP nanorods in addition to providing an extracellular matrix to support growing enamel-like structures. Such activity lacked in samples exposed to A-hydrogel only. These data suggest the potential of the CS-A hydrogel in guiding the formation of hard tissues as dental enamel.
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spelling pubmed-83925292021-08-28 A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel Muşat, Viorica Anghel, Elena Maria Zaharia, Agripina Atkinson, Irina Mocioiu, Oana Cătălina Buşilă, Mariana Alexandru, Petrică Biomolecules Article Developing multifunctional systems for the biomimetic remineralization of human enamel is a challenging task, since hydroxyapatite (HAP) rod structures of tooth enamel are difficult to replicate artificially. The paper presents the first report on the simultaneous use of chitosan (CS) and agarose (A) in a biopolymer-based hydrogel for the biomimetic remineralization of an acid-etched native enamel surface during 4–10-day immersion in artificial saliva with or without (control group) fluoride. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness tests were applied to investigate the properties of the acid-etched and remineralized dental enamel layers under A and CS-A hydrogels. The results show that all biomimetic epitaxial reconstructed layers consist mostly of a similar hierarchical HAP structure to the native enamel from nano- to microscale. An analogous Ca/P ratio (1.64) to natural tooth enamel and microhardness recovery of 77.4% of the enamel-like layer are obtained by a 7-day remineralization process in artificial saliva under CS-A hydrogels. The CS component reduced carbonation and moderated the formation of HAP nanorods in addition to providing an extracellular matrix to support growing enamel-like structures. Such activity lacked in samples exposed to A-hydrogel only. These data suggest the potential of the CS-A hydrogel in guiding the formation of hard tissues as dental enamel. MDPI 2021-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8392529/ /pubmed/34439803 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081137 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Muşat, Viorica
Anghel, Elena Maria
Zaharia, Agripina
Atkinson, Irina
Mocioiu, Oana Cătălina
Buşilă, Mariana
Alexandru, Petrică
A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel
title A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel
title_full A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel
title_fullStr A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel
title_full_unstemmed A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel
title_short A Chitosan–Agarose Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel for Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Enamel
title_sort chitosan–agarose polysaccharide-based hydrogel for biomimetic remineralization of dental enamel
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439803
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081137
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