Cargando…
Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States
Although studies have investigated cadmium and prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality, the role of cadmium in PC progression might be more clinically relevant. In this observational study, we assessed the association between air cadmium exposure and PC aggressiveness, with PC stage defined as...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392592/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34444081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168333 |
_version_ | 1783743539630309376 |
---|---|
author | Vijayakumar, Vishwaarth Abern, Michael R. Jagai, Jyotsna S. Kajdacsy-Balla, André |
author_facet | Vijayakumar, Vishwaarth Abern, Michael R. Jagai, Jyotsna S. Kajdacsy-Balla, André |
author_sort | Vijayakumar, Vishwaarth |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although studies have investigated cadmium and prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality, the role of cadmium in PC progression might be more clinically relevant. In this observational study, we assessed the association between air cadmium exposure and PC aggressiveness, with PC stage defined as metastatic or localized and Gleason grade defined as high (Gleason score ≥ 8) or low (Gleason score ≤ 6) among PC patients from the 2010–2014 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The 2005 and 2011 National Air Toxics Assessment provided county-level air cadmium concentrations. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and were calculated using random intercept mixed effects logistic regression, comparing the 80th to 20th percentile of exposure. We adjusted for age, sociodemographic status, smoking prevalence, and overall air quality at the county level, and stratified by race, age, and degree of urbanization. The cohort consisted of 230,540 cases from 493 counties. Strong associations were observed in nonmetropolitan, urban areas: (OR 1.26, CI 1.14–1.39) for metastatic vs. localized and (OR 1.41, CI 1.27–1.57) for high- vs. low-grade PC where 40 million Americans reside. This study may be hypothesis-generating to inform future studies and public health measures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8392592 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83925922021-08-28 Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States Vijayakumar, Vishwaarth Abern, Michael R. Jagai, Jyotsna S. Kajdacsy-Balla, André Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Although studies have investigated cadmium and prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality, the role of cadmium in PC progression might be more clinically relevant. In this observational study, we assessed the association between air cadmium exposure and PC aggressiveness, with PC stage defined as metastatic or localized and Gleason grade defined as high (Gleason score ≥ 8) or low (Gleason score ≤ 6) among PC patients from the 2010–2014 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The 2005 and 2011 National Air Toxics Assessment provided county-level air cadmium concentrations. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and were calculated using random intercept mixed effects logistic regression, comparing the 80th to 20th percentile of exposure. We adjusted for age, sociodemographic status, smoking prevalence, and overall air quality at the county level, and stratified by race, age, and degree of urbanization. The cohort consisted of 230,540 cases from 493 counties. Strong associations were observed in nonmetropolitan, urban areas: (OR 1.26, CI 1.14–1.39) for metastatic vs. localized and (OR 1.41, CI 1.27–1.57) for high- vs. low-grade PC where 40 million Americans reside. This study may be hypothesis-generating to inform future studies and public health measures. MDPI 2021-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8392592/ /pubmed/34444081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168333 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Vijayakumar, Vishwaarth Abern, Michael R. Jagai, Jyotsna S. Kajdacsy-Balla, André Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States |
title | Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States |
title_full | Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States |
title_fullStr | Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States |
title_short | Observational Study of the Association between Air Cadmium Exposure and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness at Diagnosis among a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort of 230,540 Patients in the United States |
title_sort | observational study of the association between air cadmium exposure and prostate cancer aggressiveness at diagnosis among a nationwide retrospective cohort of 230,540 patients in the united states |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392592/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34444081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168333 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vijayakumarvishwaarth observationalstudyoftheassociationbetweenaircadmiumexposureandprostatecanceraggressivenessatdiagnosisamonganationwideretrospectivecohortof230540patientsintheunitedstates AT abernmichaelr observationalstudyoftheassociationbetweenaircadmiumexposureandprostatecanceraggressivenessatdiagnosisamonganationwideretrospectivecohortof230540patientsintheunitedstates AT jagaijyotsnas observationalstudyoftheassociationbetweenaircadmiumexposureandprostatecanceraggressivenessatdiagnosisamonganationwideretrospectivecohortof230540patientsintheunitedstates AT kajdacsyballaandre observationalstudyoftheassociationbetweenaircadmiumexposureandprostatecanceraggressivenessatdiagnosisamonganationwideretrospectivecohortof230540patientsintheunitedstates |