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The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism
Vitamin D and cholesterol metabolism overlap significantly in the pathways that contribute to their biosynthesis. However, our understanding of their independent and co-regulation is limited. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis, the pathology associated...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082007 |
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author | Warren, Tara McAllister, Roisin Morgan, Amy Rai, Taranjit Singh McGilligan, Victoria Ennis, Matthew Page, Christopher Kelly, Catriona Peace, Aaron Corfe, Bernard M. Mc Auley, Mark Watterson, Steven |
author_facet | Warren, Tara McAllister, Roisin Morgan, Amy Rai, Taranjit Singh McGilligan, Victoria Ennis, Matthew Page, Christopher Kelly, Catriona Peace, Aaron Corfe, Bernard M. Mc Auley, Mark Watterson, Steven |
author_sort | Warren, Tara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vitamin D and cholesterol metabolism overlap significantly in the pathways that contribute to their biosynthesis. However, our understanding of their independent and co-regulation is limited. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis, the pathology associated with elevated cholesterol, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to understand vitamin D metabolism as a contributory factor. From the literature, we compile evidence of how these systems interact, relating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved to the results from observational studies. We also present the first systems biology pathway map of the joint cholesterol and vitamin D metabolisms made available using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) Markup Language (SBGNML). It is shown that the relationship between vitamin D supplementation, total cholesterol, and LDL-C status, and between latitude, vitamin D, and cholesterol status are consistent with our knowledge of molecular mechanisms. We also highlight the results that cannot be explained with our current knowledge of molecular mechanisms: (i) vitamin D supplementation mitigates the side-effects of statin therapy; (ii) statin therapy does not impact upon vitamin D status; and critically (iii) vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular outcomes, despite improving cardiovascular risk factors. For (iii), we present a hypothesis, based on observations in the literature, that describes how vitamin D regulates the balance between cellular and plasma cholesterol. Answering these questions will create significant opportunities for advancement in our understanding of cardiovascular health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8392689 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83926892021-08-28 The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism Warren, Tara McAllister, Roisin Morgan, Amy Rai, Taranjit Singh McGilligan, Victoria Ennis, Matthew Page, Christopher Kelly, Catriona Peace, Aaron Corfe, Bernard M. Mc Auley, Mark Watterson, Steven Cells Review Vitamin D and cholesterol metabolism overlap significantly in the pathways that contribute to their biosynthesis. However, our understanding of their independent and co-regulation is limited. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis, the pathology associated with elevated cholesterol, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to understand vitamin D metabolism as a contributory factor. From the literature, we compile evidence of how these systems interact, relating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved to the results from observational studies. We also present the first systems biology pathway map of the joint cholesterol and vitamin D metabolisms made available using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) Markup Language (SBGNML). It is shown that the relationship between vitamin D supplementation, total cholesterol, and LDL-C status, and between latitude, vitamin D, and cholesterol status are consistent with our knowledge of molecular mechanisms. We also highlight the results that cannot be explained with our current knowledge of molecular mechanisms: (i) vitamin D supplementation mitigates the side-effects of statin therapy; (ii) statin therapy does not impact upon vitamin D status; and critically (iii) vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular outcomes, despite improving cardiovascular risk factors. For (iii), we present a hypothesis, based on observations in the literature, that describes how vitamin D regulates the balance between cellular and plasma cholesterol. Answering these questions will create significant opportunities for advancement in our understanding of cardiovascular health. MDPI 2021-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8392689/ /pubmed/34440777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082007 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Warren, Tara McAllister, Roisin Morgan, Amy Rai, Taranjit Singh McGilligan, Victoria Ennis, Matthew Page, Christopher Kelly, Catriona Peace, Aaron Corfe, Bernard M. Mc Auley, Mark Watterson, Steven The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism |
title | The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism |
title_full | The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism |
title_fullStr | The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism |
title_full_unstemmed | The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism |
title_short | The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism |
title_sort | interdependency and co-regulation of the vitamin d and cholesterol metabolism |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392689/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082007 |
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