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Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location

The memory-guided saccade task requires the remembrance of a peripheral target location, whilst inhibiting the urge to make a saccade ahead of an auditory cue. The literature has explored the endophenotypic deficits associated with differences in target laterality, but less is known about target amp...

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Autores principales: Smith, Eleanor S., Crawford, Trevor J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8393375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439693
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081071
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author Smith, Eleanor S.
Crawford, Trevor J.
author_facet Smith, Eleanor S.
Crawford, Trevor J.
author_sort Smith, Eleanor S.
collection PubMed
description The memory-guided saccade task requires the remembrance of a peripheral target location, whilst inhibiting the urge to make a saccade ahead of an auditory cue. The literature has explored the endophenotypic deficits associated with differences in target laterality, but less is known about target amplitude. The data presented came from Crawford et al. (1995), employing a memory-guided saccade task among neuroleptically medicated and non-medicated patients with schizophrenia (n = 31, n = 12), neuroleptically medicated and non-medicated bipolar affective disorder (n = 12, n = 17), and neurotypical controls (n = 30). The current analyses explore the relationships between memory-guided saccades toward targets with different eccentricities (7.5° and 15°), the discernible behaviour exhibited amongst diagnostic groups, and cohorts distinguished based on psychotic symptomatology. Saccade gain control and final eye position were reduced among medicated-schizophrenia patients. These metrics were reduced further among targets with greater amplitudes (15°), indicating greater deficit. The medicated cohort exhibited reduced gain control and final eye positions in both amplitudes compared to the non-medicated cohort, with deficits markedly observed for the furthest targets. No group differences in symptomatology (positive and negative) were reported, however, a greater deficit was observed toward the larger amplitude. This suggests that within the memory-guided saccade paradigm, diagnostic classification is more prominent in characterising disparities in saccade performance than symptomatology.
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spelling pubmed-83933752021-08-28 Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location Smith, Eleanor S. Crawford, Trevor J. Brain Sci Article The memory-guided saccade task requires the remembrance of a peripheral target location, whilst inhibiting the urge to make a saccade ahead of an auditory cue. The literature has explored the endophenotypic deficits associated with differences in target laterality, but less is known about target amplitude. The data presented came from Crawford et al. (1995), employing a memory-guided saccade task among neuroleptically medicated and non-medicated patients with schizophrenia (n = 31, n = 12), neuroleptically medicated and non-medicated bipolar affective disorder (n = 12, n = 17), and neurotypical controls (n = 30). The current analyses explore the relationships between memory-guided saccades toward targets with different eccentricities (7.5° and 15°), the discernible behaviour exhibited amongst diagnostic groups, and cohorts distinguished based on psychotic symptomatology. Saccade gain control and final eye position were reduced among medicated-schizophrenia patients. These metrics were reduced further among targets with greater amplitudes (15°), indicating greater deficit. The medicated cohort exhibited reduced gain control and final eye positions in both amplitudes compared to the non-medicated cohort, with deficits markedly observed for the furthest targets. No group differences in symptomatology (positive and negative) were reported, however, a greater deficit was observed toward the larger amplitude. This suggests that within the memory-guided saccade paradigm, diagnostic classification is more prominent in characterising disparities in saccade performance than symptomatology. MDPI 2021-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8393375/ /pubmed/34439693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081071 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Smith, Eleanor S.
Crawford, Trevor J.
Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location
title Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location
title_full Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location
title_fullStr Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location
title_full_unstemmed Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location
title_short Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location
title_sort memory-guided saccades in psychosis: effects of medication and stimulus location
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8393375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439693
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081071
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