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The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy

The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, pla...

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Autores principales: Aragonès, Gemma, Rowan, Sheldon, Francisco, Sarah G., Whitcomb, Elizabeth A., Yang, Wenxin, Perini-Villanueva, Giuliana, Schalkwijk, Casper G., Taylor, Allen, Bejarano, Eloy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8393707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081852
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author Aragonès, Gemma
Rowan, Sheldon
Francisco, Sarah G.
Whitcomb, Elizabeth A.
Yang, Wenxin
Perini-Villanueva, Giuliana
Schalkwijk, Casper G.
Taylor, Allen
Bejarano, Eloy
author_facet Aragonès, Gemma
Rowan, Sheldon
Francisco, Sarah G.
Whitcomb, Elizabeth A.
Yang, Wenxin
Perini-Villanueva, Giuliana
Schalkwijk, Casper G.
Taylor, Allen
Bejarano, Eloy
author_sort Aragonès, Gemma
collection PubMed
description The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system.
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spelling pubmed-83937072021-08-28 The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy Aragonès, Gemma Rowan, Sheldon Francisco, Sarah G. Whitcomb, Elizabeth A. Yang, Wenxin Perini-Villanueva, Giuliana Schalkwijk, Casper G. Taylor, Allen Bejarano, Eloy Cells Review The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system. MDPI 2021-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8393707/ /pubmed/34440621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081852 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Aragonès, Gemma
Rowan, Sheldon
Francisco, Sarah G.
Whitcomb, Elizabeth A.
Yang, Wenxin
Perini-Villanueva, Giuliana
Schalkwijk, Casper G.
Taylor, Allen
Bejarano, Eloy
The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
title The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
title_full The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
title_fullStr The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
title_full_unstemmed The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
title_short The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
title_sort glyoxalase system in age-related diseases: nutritional intervention as anti-ageing strategy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8393707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081852
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