Reactive Oxygen Species Downregulate Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 6 Expression Mediated by the Elevation of miR-24-3p in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Background: A low level of serum magnesium ion (Mg(2+)) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the molecular mechanism of Mg(2+) deficiency has not been fully clarified. The current study sought to assesses the effect of reactive oxygen species on the expression of Mg(2+) channels and miRNA. Methods: The expression of Mg(2+) channels and miRNA were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intracellular Mg(2+) concentration was measured by Magnesium Green fluorescence measurement. Results: The mRNA level of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6), which functions as Mg(2+) influx channel in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney, was decreased by glycated albumin (GA), but not by insulin in rat renal tubule-derived NRK-52E cells. The mRNA levels of TRPM7, a homologue of TRPM6, and CNNM2, a Mg(2+) efflux transporter located at the basolateral membrane of DCT, were changed by neither GA nor insulin. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased by GA. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) dose-dependently decreased TRPM6 mRNA, but it inversely increased the reporter activity of TRPM6. H(2)O(2) accelerated the degradation of TRPM6 mRNA in actinomycin D assay without affecting TRPM7 and CNNM2 mRNA expressions. Nine miRNAs were considered as candidates for the regulator of stability of TRPM6 mRNA. Among them, miR-24-3p expression was increased by H(2)O(2). The H(2)O(2)-induced reduction of TRPM6 mRNA was rescued by miR-24-3p siRNA. Magnesium Green fluorescence measurement showed that Mg(2+) influx is suppressed by H(2)O(2), which was rescued by an antioxidant and miR-24-3p siRNA. Conclusions: We suggest that GA decreases TRPM6 expression mediated by the elevation of ROS and miR-24-3p in renal tubular epithelial cells of T2D.