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Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disea...

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Autores principales: Cappetta, Donato, Bereshchenko, Oxana, Cianflone, Eleonora, Rossi, Francesco, Riccardi, Carlo, Torella, Daniele, Berrino, Liberato, Urbanek, Konrad, De Angelis, Antonella, Bruscoli, Stefano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440924
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082155
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author Cappetta, Donato
Bereshchenko, Oxana
Cianflone, Eleonora
Rossi, Francesco
Riccardi, Carlo
Torella, Daniele
Berrino, Liberato
Urbanek, Konrad
De Angelis, Antonella
Bruscoli, Stefano
author_facet Cappetta, Donato
Bereshchenko, Oxana
Cianflone, Eleonora
Rossi, Francesco
Riccardi, Carlo
Torella, Daniele
Berrino, Liberato
Urbanek, Konrad
De Angelis, Antonella
Bruscoli, Stefano
author_sort Cappetta, Donato
collection PubMed
description Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their long-term usage is limited by severe adverse effects. For this reason, to envision new therapies devoid of typical GC side effects, research has focused on expanding the knowledge of cellular and molecular effects of GCs. GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a GC-target protein shown to mediate several actions of GCs, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. GILZ expression is not restricted to immune cells, and it has been shown to play a regulatory role in many organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Research on the role of GILZ on endothelial cells has demonstrated its ability to modulate the inflammatory cascade, resulting in a downregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. GILZ also has the capacity to protect myocardial cells, as its deletion makes the heart, after a deleterious stimulus, more susceptible to apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, hypertrophy, and impaired function. Despite these advances, we have only just begun to appreciate the relevance of GILZ in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of GILZ in modulating biological processes relevant to cardiovascular biology.
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spelling pubmed-83942872021-08-28 Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease Cappetta, Donato Bereshchenko, Oxana Cianflone, Eleonora Rossi, Francesco Riccardi, Carlo Torella, Daniele Berrino, Liberato Urbanek, Konrad De Angelis, Antonella Bruscoli, Stefano Cells Review Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their long-term usage is limited by severe adverse effects. For this reason, to envision new therapies devoid of typical GC side effects, research has focused on expanding the knowledge of cellular and molecular effects of GCs. GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a GC-target protein shown to mediate several actions of GCs, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. GILZ expression is not restricted to immune cells, and it has been shown to play a regulatory role in many organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Research on the role of GILZ on endothelial cells has demonstrated its ability to modulate the inflammatory cascade, resulting in a downregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. GILZ also has the capacity to protect myocardial cells, as its deletion makes the heart, after a deleterious stimulus, more susceptible to apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, hypertrophy, and impaired function. Despite these advances, we have only just begun to appreciate the relevance of GILZ in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of GILZ in modulating biological processes relevant to cardiovascular biology. MDPI 2021-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8394287/ /pubmed/34440924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082155 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cappetta, Donato
Bereshchenko, Oxana
Cianflone, Eleonora
Rossi, Francesco
Riccardi, Carlo
Torella, Daniele
Berrino, Liberato
Urbanek, Konrad
De Angelis, Antonella
Bruscoli, Stefano
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
title Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
title_full Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
title_fullStr Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
title_full_unstemmed Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
title_short Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
title_sort glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (gilz) in cardiovascular health and disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440924
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082155
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