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Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction

Since the 19th century, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) has lost approximately 99% of its former range. Along with its close relatives, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) and the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), the addax may be the third large African mammal species to go extinct in the...

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Autores principales: Hempel, Elisabeth, Westbury, Michael V., Grau, José H., Trinks, Alexandra, Paijmans, Johanna L. A., Kliver, Sergei, Barlow, Axel, Mayer, Frieder, Müller, Johannes, Chen, Lei, Koepfli, Klaus-Peter, Hofreiter, Michael, Bibi, Faysal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394336/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440410
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081236
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author Hempel, Elisabeth
Westbury, Michael V.
Grau, José H.
Trinks, Alexandra
Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
Kliver, Sergei
Barlow, Axel
Mayer, Frieder
Müller, Johannes
Chen, Lei
Koepfli, Klaus-Peter
Hofreiter, Michael
Bibi, Faysal
author_facet Hempel, Elisabeth
Westbury, Michael V.
Grau, José H.
Trinks, Alexandra
Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
Kliver, Sergei
Barlow, Axel
Mayer, Frieder
Müller, Johannes
Chen, Lei
Koepfli, Klaus-Peter
Hofreiter, Michael
Bibi, Faysal
author_sort Hempel, Elisabeth
collection PubMed
description Since the 19th century, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) has lost approximately 99% of its former range. Along with its close relatives, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) and the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), the addax may be the third large African mammal species to go extinct in the wild in recent times. Despite this, the evolutionary history of this critically endangered species remains virtually unknown. To gain insight into the population history of the addax, we used hybridization capture to generate ten complete mitochondrial genomes from historical samples and assembled a nuclear genome. We found that both mitochondrial and nuclear diversity are low compared to other African bovids. Analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed a most recent common ancestor ~32 kya (95% CI 11–58 kya) and weak phylogeographic structure, indicating that the addax likely existed as a highly mobile, panmictic population across its Sahelo–Saharan range in the past. PSMC analysis revealed a continuous decline in effective population size since ~2 Ma, with short intermediate increases at ~500 and ~44 kya. Our results suggest that the addax went through a major bottleneck in the Late Pleistocene, remaining at low population size prior to the human disturbances of the last few centuries.
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spelling pubmed-83943362021-08-28 Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction Hempel, Elisabeth Westbury, Michael V. Grau, José H. Trinks, Alexandra Paijmans, Johanna L. A. Kliver, Sergei Barlow, Axel Mayer, Frieder Müller, Johannes Chen, Lei Koepfli, Klaus-Peter Hofreiter, Michael Bibi, Faysal Genes (Basel) Article Since the 19th century, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) has lost approximately 99% of its former range. Along with its close relatives, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) and the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), the addax may be the third large African mammal species to go extinct in the wild in recent times. Despite this, the evolutionary history of this critically endangered species remains virtually unknown. To gain insight into the population history of the addax, we used hybridization capture to generate ten complete mitochondrial genomes from historical samples and assembled a nuclear genome. We found that both mitochondrial and nuclear diversity are low compared to other African bovids. Analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed a most recent common ancestor ~32 kya (95% CI 11–58 kya) and weak phylogeographic structure, indicating that the addax likely existed as a highly mobile, panmictic population across its Sahelo–Saharan range in the past. PSMC analysis revealed a continuous decline in effective population size since ~2 Ma, with short intermediate increases at ~500 and ~44 kya. Our results suggest that the addax went through a major bottleneck in the Late Pleistocene, remaining at low population size prior to the human disturbances of the last few centuries. MDPI 2021-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8394336/ /pubmed/34440410 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081236 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hempel, Elisabeth
Westbury, Michael V.
Grau, José H.
Trinks, Alexandra
Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
Kliver, Sergei
Barlow, Axel
Mayer, Frieder
Müller, Johannes
Chen, Lei
Koepfli, Klaus-Peter
Hofreiter, Michael
Bibi, Faysal
Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction
title Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction
title_full Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction
title_fullStr Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction
title_full_unstemmed Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction
title_short Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction
title_sort diversity and paleodemography of the addax (addax nasomaculatus), a saharan antelope on the verge of extinction
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394336/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440410
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081236
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