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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot

Herd immunity is essential to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially in immunocompromised patients. Convalescent individuals should be vaccinated later due to vaccine shortage, as studies show that neutralizing antibodies generated during infection are...

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Autores principales: Thümmler, Laura, Schwarzkopf, Sina, Knop, Dietmar, Ross, J. Alexander, Berg, Victoria, Horn, Peter A., Lindemann, Monika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34441374
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081439
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author Thümmler, Laura
Schwarzkopf, Sina
Knop, Dietmar
Ross, J. Alexander
Berg, Victoria
Horn, Peter A.
Lindemann, Monika
author_facet Thümmler, Laura
Schwarzkopf, Sina
Knop, Dietmar
Ross, J. Alexander
Berg, Victoria
Horn, Peter A.
Lindemann, Monika
author_sort Thümmler, Laura
collection PubMed
description Herd immunity is essential to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially in immunocompromised patients. Convalescent individuals should be vaccinated later due to vaccine shortage, as studies show that neutralizing antibodies generated during infection are stable for at least 6 months. Cellular immunity is also detectable for months. However, there is evidence of cross-reactivity of T cells with human endemic coronaviruses (HCoVs). Here, we show that cross-reactivity—which may prevent the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses—can be avoided if cells are stimulated with the N-terminus of the spike protein in IFN-γ ELISpot. In contrast to previous studies, we examined T-cell responses against all four known HCoVs using IFN-γ ELISpot in 19 convalescent volunteers and 10 fully vaccinated volunteers. In addition, we performed Spearman analyses to detect cross-reactivity of T cells. We observed no correlation between T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses, either in the whole cohort or in the individual groups. The use of the respective stimuli could lead to a more accurate assessment of cellular immunity in recovered individuals. This testing procedure could help to define the best time point at which convalescents should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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spelling pubmed-83943672021-08-28 Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot Thümmler, Laura Schwarzkopf, Sina Knop, Dietmar Ross, J. Alexander Berg, Victoria Horn, Peter A. Lindemann, Monika Diagnostics (Basel) Article Herd immunity is essential to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially in immunocompromised patients. Convalescent individuals should be vaccinated later due to vaccine shortage, as studies show that neutralizing antibodies generated during infection are stable for at least 6 months. Cellular immunity is also detectable for months. However, there is evidence of cross-reactivity of T cells with human endemic coronaviruses (HCoVs). Here, we show that cross-reactivity—which may prevent the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses—can be avoided if cells are stimulated with the N-terminus of the spike protein in IFN-γ ELISpot. In contrast to previous studies, we examined T-cell responses against all four known HCoVs using IFN-γ ELISpot in 19 convalescent volunteers and 10 fully vaccinated volunteers. In addition, we performed Spearman analyses to detect cross-reactivity of T cells. We observed no correlation between T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronaviruses, either in the whole cohort or in the individual groups. The use of the respective stimuli could lead to a more accurate assessment of cellular immunity in recovered individuals. This testing procedure could help to define the best time point at which convalescents should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MDPI 2021-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8394367/ /pubmed/34441374 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081439 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Thümmler, Laura
Schwarzkopf, Sina
Knop, Dietmar
Ross, J. Alexander
Berg, Victoria
Horn, Peter A.
Lindemann, Monika
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot
title Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot
title_full Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot
title_fullStr Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot
title_short Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot
title_sort comparison of sars-cov-2- and hcov-specific t cell response using ifn-γ elispot
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34441374
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081439
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