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Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease

The sympathetic nervous system is known to play a pivotal role in the short- and long-term regulation of different cardiovascular functions. In recent decades, increasing evidence has demonstrated that sympathetic neural influences are involved not only in the vasomotor modulation of small resistanc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Quarti-Trevano, Fosca, Seravalle, Gino, Grassi, Guido
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081007
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author Quarti-Trevano, Fosca
Seravalle, Gino
Grassi, Guido
author_facet Quarti-Trevano, Fosca
Seravalle, Gino
Grassi, Guido
author_sort Quarti-Trevano, Fosca
collection PubMed
description The sympathetic nervous system is known to play a pivotal role in the short- and long-term regulation of different cardiovascular functions. In recent decades, increasing evidence has demonstrated that sympathetic neural influences are involved not only in the vasomotor modulation of small resistance arteries but also in the control of large arteries. Sympathetic activity and vascular function, which are key factors in the pathophysiology and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, are linked by a close relationship. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is critically influenced, at the central and also at the peripheral level, by the most relevant factors regulating vascular function, namely nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and endothelin. Additionally, there is evidence of a reciprocal influence between endothelial function and sympathetic mechanisms. This paper will provide an overview of the relationships between endothelial function and the sympathetic nervous system characterizing physiological states. It will also briefly mention the alterations described in cardiovascular disease, with particular emphasis on essential hypertension and congestive heart failure, i.e., the two pathological states in which endothelial dysfunction and neuroadrenergic activation appear to be relevant factors for determining cardiovascular prognosis.
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spelling pubmed-83944952021-08-28 Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease Quarti-Trevano, Fosca Seravalle, Gino Grassi, Guido Biomedicines Review The sympathetic nervous system is known to play a pivotal role in the short- and long-term regulation of different cardiovascular functions. In recent decades, increasing evidence has demonstrated that sympathetic neural influences are involved not only in the vasomotor modulation of small resistance arteries but also in the control of large arteries. Sympathetic activity and vascular function, which are key factors in the pathophysiology and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, are linked by a close relationship. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is critically influenced, at the central and also at the peripheral level, by the most relevant factors regulating vascular function, namely nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and endothelin. Additionally, there is evidence of a reciprocal influence between endothelial function and sympathetic mechanisms. This paper will provide an overview of the relationships between endothelial function and the sympathetic nervous system characterizing physiological states. It will also briefly mention the alterations described in cardiovascular disease, with particular emphasis on essential hypertension and congestive heart failure, i.e., the two pathological states in which endothelial dysfunction and neuroadrenergic activation appear to be relevant factors for determining cardiovascular prognosis. MDPI 2021-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8394495/ /pubmed/34440211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081007 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Quarti-Trevano, Fosca
Seravalle, Gino
Grassi, Guido
Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease
title Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease
title_full Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease
title_fullStr Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease
title_short Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease
title_sort clinical relevance of the sympathetic–vascular interactions in health and disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081007
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