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Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants
Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a well-regulated and complex process for investigation. For simplification, dark-induced leaf senescence has frequently been used to mimic the natural senescence of leaves because many typical senescence symptoms, such as chlorophyll (Chl) and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081143 |
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author | Hu, Xueyun Zeng, Chu Su, Jinling Khan, Imran Zada, Ahmad Jia, Ting |
author_facet | Hu, Xueyun Zeng, Chu Su, Jinling Khan, Imran Zada, Ahmad Jia, Ting |
author_sort | Hu, Xueyun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a well-regulated and complex process for investigation. For simplification, dark-induced leaf senescence has frequently been used to mimic the natural senescence of leaves because many typical senescence symptoms, such as chlorophyll (Chl) and protein degradation, also occur under darkness. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of leaf senescence that occurred when detached leaves or intact plants were incubated in darkness to induce senescence. We found that the symptoms of non-programmed cell death (non-PCD) with remaining green coloration occurred more heavily in the senescent leaves of whole plants than in the detached leaves. The pheophorbide a (Pheide a) content was also shown to be much higher in senescent leaves when whole plants were incubated in darkness by analyses of leaf Chl and its metabolic intermediates. In addition, more serious non-PCD occurred and more Pheide a accumulated in senescent leaves during dark incubation if the soil used for plant growth contained more water. Under similar conditions, the non-PCD phenotype was alleviated and the accumulation of Pheide a was reduced by overexpressing 7-hydroxymethyl Chl a (HMChl a) reductase (HCAR). Taken together, we conclude that a high soil water content induced non-PCD by decreasing HCAR activity when whole plants were incubated in darkness to induce senescence; thus, the investigation of the fundamental aspects of biochemistry and the regulation of leaf senescence are affected by using dark-induced leaf senescence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8394709 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83947092021-08-28 Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants Hu, Xueyun Zeng, Chu Su, Jinling Khan, Imran Zada, Ahmad Jia, Ting Biomolecules Article Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a well-regulated and complex process for investigation. For simplification, dark-induced leaf senescence has frequently been used to mimic the natural senescence of leaves because many typical senescence symptoms, such as chlorophyll (Chl) and protein degradation, also occur under darkness. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of leaf senescence that occurred when detached leaves or intact plants were incubated in darkness to induce senescence. We found that the symptoms of non-programmed cell death (non-PCD) with remaining green coloration occurred more heavily in the senescent leaves of whole plants than in the detached leaves. The pheophorbide a (Pheide a) content was also shown to be much higher in senescent leaves when whole plants were incubated in darkness by analyses of leaf Chl and its metabolic intermediates. In addition, more serious non-PCD occurred and more Pheide a accumulated in senescent leaves during dark incubation if the soil used for plant growth contained more water. Under similar conditions, the non-PCD phenotype was alleviated and the accumulation of Pheide a was reduced by overexpressing 7-hydroxymethyl Chl a (HMChl a) reductase (HCAR). Taken together, we conclude that a high soil water content induced non-PCD by decreasing HCAR activity when whole plants were incubated in darkness to induce senescence; thus, the investigation of the fundamental aspects of biochemistry and the regulation of leaf senescence are affected by using dark-induced leaf senescence. MDPI 2021-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8394709/ /pubmed/34439809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081143 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hu, Xueyun Zeng, Chu Su, Jinling Khan, Imran Zada, Ahmad Jia, Ting Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants |
title | Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants |
title_full | Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants |
title_fullStr | Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants |
title_full_unstemmed | Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants |
title_short | Overexpressing 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Alleviates Non-Programmed Cell Death during Dark-Induced Senescence in Intact Arabidopsis Plants |
title_sort | overexpressing 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase alleviates non-programmed cell death during dark-induced senescence in intact arabidopsis plants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8394709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081143 |
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