Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function

Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplas...

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Autores principales: Hameed, Abdul, Ahmed, Muhammad Zaheer, Hussain, Tabassum, Aziz, Irfan, Ahmad, Niaz, Gul, Bilquees, Nielsen, Brent L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395010/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440792
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082023
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author Hameed, Abdul
Ahmed, Muhammad Zaheer
Hussain, Tabassum
Aziz, Irfan
Ahmad, Niaz
Gul, Bilquees
Nielsen, Brent L.
author_facet Hameed, Abdul
Ahmed, Muhammad Zaheer
Hussain, Tabassum
Aziz, Irfan
Ahmad, Niaz
Gul, Bilquees
Nielsen, Brent L.
author_sort Hameed, Abdul
collection PubMed
description Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes.
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spelling pubmed-83950102021-08-28 Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function Hameed, Abdul Ahmed, Muhammad Zaheer Hussain, Tabassum Aziz, Irfan Ahmad, Niaz Gul, Bilquees Nielsen, Brent L. Cells Review Salinity is a growing problem affecting soils and agriculture in many parts of the world. The presence of salt in plant cells disrupts many basic metabolic processes, contributing to severe negative effects on plant development and growth. This review focuses on the effects of salinity on chloroplasts, including the structures and function of these organelles. Chloroplasts house various important biochemical reactions, including photosynthesis, most of which are considered essential for plant survival. Salinity can affect these reactions in a number of ways, for example, by changing the chloroplast size, number, lamellar organization, lipid and starch accumulation, and interfering with cross-membrane transportation. Research has shown that maintenance of the normal chloroplast physiology is necessary for the survival of the entire plant. Many plant species have evolved different mechanisms to withstand the harmful effects of salt-induced toxicity on their chloroplasts and its machinery. The differences depend on the plant species and growth stage and can be quite different between salt-sensitive (glycophyte) and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants. Salt stress tolerance is a complex trait, and many aspects of salt tolerance in plants are not entirely clear yet. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants with a special focus on chloroplast structure and its functions, including the underlying differences between glycophytes and halophytes. MDPI 2021-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8395010/ /pubmed/34440792 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082023 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hameed, Abdul
Ahmed, Muhammad Zaheer
Hussain, Tabassum
Aziz, Irfan
Ahmad, Niaz
Gul, Bilquees
Nielsen, Brent L.
Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function
title Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function
title_full Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function
title_fullStr Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function
title_short Effects of Salinity Stress on Chloroplast Structure and Function
title_sort effects of salinity stress on chloroplast structure and function
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395010/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440792
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082023
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