Cargando…
Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses
The gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato, affecting crop yield and fruit quality. To understand how tomato plants respond, the dynamic expression profile of host genes was analyzed upon Cmm infection. Sympto...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395114/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34445148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168442 |
_version_ | 1783744099457695744 |
---|---|
author | Tsitsekian, Dikran Daras, Gerasimos Karamanou, Konstantina Templalexis, Dimitris Koudounas, Konstantinos Malliarakis, Dimitris Koufakis, Theologos Chatzopoulos, Dimitris Goumas, Dimitris Ntoukakis, Vardis Hatzopoulos, Polydefkis Rigas, Stamatis |
author_facet | Tsitsekian, Dikran Daras, Gerasimos Karamanou, Konstantina Templalexis, Dimitris Koudounas, Konstantinos Malliarakis, Dimitris Koufakis, Theologos Chatzopoulos, Dimitris Goumas, Dimitris Ntoukakis, Vardis Hatzopoulos, Polydefkis Rigas, Stamatis |
author_sort | Tsitsekian, Dikran |
collection | PubMed |
description | The gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato, affecting crop yield and fruit quality. To understand how tomato plants respond, the dynamic expression profile of host genes was analyzed upon Cmm infection. Symptoms of bacterial canker became evident from the third day. As the disease progressed, the bacterial population increased in planta, reaching the highest level at six days and remained constant till the twelfth day post inoculation. These two time points were selected for transcriptomics. A progressive down-regulation of key genes encoding for components of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed. Two temporally separated defense responses were observed, which were to an extent interdependent. During the primary response, genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were diverted towards the synthesis of monolignols away from S-lignin. In dicots, lignin polymers mainly consist of G- and S-units, playing an important role in defense. The twist towards G-lignin enrichment is consistent with previous findings, highlighting a response to generate an early protective barrier and to achieve a tight interplay between lignin recomposition and the primary defense response mechanism. Upon progression of Cmm infection, the temporal deactivation of phenylpropanoids coincided with the upregulation of genes that belong in a secondary response mechanism, supporting an elegant reprogramming of the host transcriptome to establish a robust defense apparatus and suppress pathogen invasion. This high-throughput analysis reveals a dynamic reorganization of plant defense mechanisms upon bacterial infection to implement an array of barriers preventing pathogen invasion and spread. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8395114 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83951142021-08-28 Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses Tsitsekian, Dikran Daras, Gerasimos Karamanou, Konstantina Templalexis, Dimitris Koudounas, Konstantinos Malliarakis, Dimitris Koufakis, Theologos Chatzopoulos, Dimitris Goumas, Dimitris Ntoukakis, Vardis Hatzopoulos, Polydefkis Rigas, Stamatis Int J Mol Sci Article The gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato, affecting crop yield and fruit quality. To understand how tomato plants respond, the dynamic expression profile of host genes was analyzed upon Cmm infection. Symptoms of bacterial canker became evident from the third day. As the disease progressed, the bacterial population increased in planta, reaching the highest level at six days and remained constant till the twelfth day post inoculation. These two time points were selected for transcriptomics. A progressive down-regulation of key genes encoding for components of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed. Two temporally separated defense responses were observed, which were to an extent interdependent. During the primary response, genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were diverted towards the synthesis of monolignols away from S-lignin. In dicots, lignin polymers mainly consist of G- and S-units, playing an important role in defense. The twist towards G-lignin enrichment is consistent with previous findings, highlighting a response to generate an early protective barrier and to achieve a tight interplay between lignin recomposition and the primary defense response mechanism. Upon progression of Cmm infection, the temporal deactivation of phenylpropanoids coincided with the upregulation of genes that belong in a secondary response mechanism, supporting an elegant reprogramming of the host transcriptome to establish a robust defense apparatus and suppress pathogen invasion. This high-throughput analysis reveals a dynamic reorganization of plant defense mechanisms upon bacterial infection to implement an array of barriers preventing pathogen invasion and spread. MDPI 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8395114/ /pubmed/34445148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168442 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tsitsekian, Dikran Daras, Gerasimos Karamanou, Konstantina Templalexis, Dimitris Koudounas, Konstantinos Malliarakis, Dimitris Koufakis, Theologos Chatzopoulos, Dimitris Goumas, Dimitris Ntoukakis, Vardis Hatzopoulos, Polydefkis Rigas, Stamatis Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses |
title | Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses |
title_full | Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses |
title_fullStr | Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses |
title_full_unstemmed | Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses |
title_short | Clavibacter michiganensis Downregulates Photosynthesis and Modifies Monolignols Metabolism Revealing a Crosstalk with Tomato Immune Responses |
title_sort | clavibacter michiganensis downregulates photosynthesis and modifies monolignols metabolism revealing a crosstalk with tomato immune responses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395114/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34445148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168442 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tsitsekiandikran clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT darasgerasimos clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT karamanoukonstantina clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT templalexisdimitris clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT koudounaskonstantinos clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT malliarakisdimitris clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT koufakistheologos clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT chatzopoulosdimitris clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT goumasdimitris clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT ntoukakisvardis clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT hatzopoulospolydefkis clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses AT rigasstamatis clavibactermichiganensisdownregulatesphotosynthesisandmodifiesmonolignolsmetabolismrevealingacrosstalkwithtomatoimmuneresponses |