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Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Progressive accumulation of insoluble isoforms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are the major neuropathologic hallmarks, and the loss of cholinergic pathways underlies cognitive deficits in patients. Re...

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Autores principales: Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania, Astillero-Lopez, Veronica, Villanueva-Anguita, Patricia, Paya-Rodriguez, M. Eugenia, Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia, Villar-Conde, Sandra, Ubeda-Banon, Isabel, Martinez-Marcos, Alino, Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34445147
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168434
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author Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
Astillero-Lopez, Veronica
Villanueva-Anguita, Patricia
Paya-Rodriguez, M. Eugenia
Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia
Villar-Conde, Sandra
Ubeda-Banon, Isabel
Martinez-Marcos, Alino
Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
author_facet Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
Astillero-Lopez, Veronica
Villanueva-Anguita, Patricia
Paya-Rodriguez, M. Eugenia
Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia
Villar-Conde, Sandra
Ubeda-Banon, Isabel
Martinez-Marcos, Alino
Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
author_sort Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
collection PubMed
description Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Progressive accumulation of insoluble isoforms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are the major neuropathologic hallmarks, and the loss of cholinergic pathways underlies cognitive deficits in patients. Recently, glial involvement has gained interest regarding its effect on preservation and impairment of brain integrity. The limbic system, including temporal lobe regions and the olfactory bulb, is particularly affected in the early stages. In the early 1980s, the reduced expression of the somatostatin neuropeptide was described in AD. However, over the last three decades, research on somatostatin in Alzheimer’s disease has been scarce in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to stereologically quantify the expression of somatostatin in the human hippocampus and olfactory bulb and analyze its spatial distribution with respect to that of Aβ and au neuropathologic proteins and astroglia. The results indicate that somatostatin-expressing cells are reduced by 50% in the hippocampus but are preserved in the olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the coexpression of somatostatin with the Aβ peptide is very common but not with the tau protein. Finally, the coexpression of somatostatin with astrocytes is rare, although their spatial distribution is very similar. Altogether, we can conclude that somatostatin expression is highly reduced in the human hippocampus, but not the olfactory bulb, and may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-83951272021-08-28 Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania Astillero-Lopez, Veronica Villanueva-Anguita, Patricia Paya-Rodriguez, M. Eugenia Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia Villar-Conde, Sandra Ubeda-Banon, Isabel Martinez-Marcos, Alino Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel Int J Mol Sci Article Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Progressive accumulation of insoluble isoforms of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein are the major neuropathologic hallmarks, and the loss of cholinergic pathways underlies cognitive deficits in patients. Recently, glial involvement has gained interest regarding its effect on preservation and impairment of brain integrity. The limbic system, including temporal lobe regions and the olfactory bulb, is particularly affected in the early stages. In the early 1980s, the reduced expression of the somatostatin neuropeptide was described in AD. However, over the last three decades, research on somatostatin in Alzheimer’s disease has been scarce in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to stereologically quantify the expression of somatostatin in the human hippocampus and olfactory bulb and analyze its spatial distribution with respect to that of Aβ and au neuropathologic proteins and astroglia. The results indicate that somatostatin-expressing cells are reduced by 50% in the hippocampus but are preserved in the olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the coexpression of somatostatin with the Aβ peptide is very common but not with the tau protein. Finally, the coexpression of somatostatin with astrocytes is rare, although their spatial distribution is very similar. Altogether, we can conclude that somatostatin expression is highly reduced in the human hippocampus, but not the olfactory bulb, and may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. MDPI 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8395127/ /pubmed/34445147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168434 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Melania
Astillero-Lopez, Veronica
Villanueva-Anguita, Patricia
Paya-Rodriguez, M. Eugenia
Flores-Cuadrado, Alicia
Villar-Conde, Sandra
Ubeda-Banon, Isabel
Martinez-Marcos, Alino
Saiz-Sanchez, Daniel
Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
title Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short Somatostatin and Astroglial Involvement in the Human Limbic System in Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort somatostatin and astroglial involvement in the human limbic system in alzheimer’s disease
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34445147
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168434
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