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Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan

Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing certain foods, liquids, or pills. It is common among the elderly with chronic diseases who need to take drugs for long periods. Therefore, dysphagia might reduce compliance with oral drug administration in the aging population. Many pharmaceutical companies...

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Autores principales: Sangnim, Tanikan, Sriamornsak, Pornsak, Singh, Inderbir, Huanbutta, Kampanart
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34449603
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030108
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author Sangnim, Tanikan
Sriamornsak, Pornsak
Singh, Inderbir
Huanbutta, Kampanart
author_facet Sangnim, Tanikan
Sriamornsak, Pornsak
Singh, Inderbir
Huanbutta, Kampanart
author_sort Sangnim, Tanikan
collection PubMed
description Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing certain foods, liquids, or pills. It is common among the elderly with chronic diseases who need to take drugs for long periods. Therefore, dysphagia might reduce compliance with oral drug administration in the aging population. Many pharmaceutical companies search for new products to serve as swallowing aids. Existing products are expensive and do not suit all geriatric patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and investigate pill swallowing aid gels prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan. We formulated gels by dissolving different concentrations of carboxymethyl cellulose and low or high molecular weight chitosan in solvents to find appropriate gel rheology properties. We then added several portions of glycerin as the glidant of the formulation. We found that the optimized gel formulation was 6.25% (w/w) chitosan with a molecular weight of 80–120 kDa dissolved in 1.2% acetic acid and 4% (w/w) glycerin. The developed pill swallowing gel’s rheology was pseudoplastic with a viscosity of 73.74 ± 3.20 Pa⸱s. The developed chitosan gel had enhanced flow ability; it allowed the pill to cross a 300 mm tube within 6 s, while the reference product took 3 s. Even though the reference product could carry the pill in the tube faster, the chitosan gel better covered the pill, making it more convenient to use. Finally, using a theophylline tablet as a model tablet dosage form, we assessed the gel’s effect on drug disintegration and dissolution. The chitosan gel delayed the tablet disintegration time by about 3–7 min and slightly affected the theophylline dissolution rate. Lastly, all gels were physically stable after a month of storage in the stress condition. These results show the feasibility of manufacturing a chitosan gel usable as a pill swallowing gel for patients with dysphagia.
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spelling pubmed-83957242021-08-28 Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan Sangnim, Tanikan Sriamornsak, Pornsak Singh, Inderbir Huanbutta, Kampanart Gels Article Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing certain foods, liquids, or pills. It is common among the elderly with chronic diseases who need to take drugs for long periods. Therefore, dysphagia might reduce compliance with oral drug administration in the aging population. Many pharmaceutical companies search for new products to serve as swallowing aids. Existing products are expensive and do not suit all geriatric patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and investigate pill swallowing aid gels prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan. We formulated gels by dissolving different concentrations of carboxymethyl cellulose and low or high molecular weight chitosan in solvents to find appropriate gel rheology properties. We then added several portions of glycerin as the glidant of the formulation. We found that the optimized gel formulation was 6.25% (w/w) chitosan with a molecular weight of 80–120 kDa dissolved in 1.2% acetic acid and 4% (w/w) glycerin. The developed pill swallowing gel’s rheology was pseudoplastic with a viscosity of 73.74 ± 3.20 Pa⸱s. The developed chitosan gel had enhanced flow ability; it allowed the pill to cross a 300 mm tube within 6 s, while the reference product took 3 s. Even though the reference product could carry the pill in the tube faster, the chitosan gel better covered the pill, making it more convenient to use. Finally, using a theophylline tablet as a model tablet dosage form, we assessed the gel’s effect on drug disintegration and dissolution. The chitosan gel delayed the tablet disintegration time by about 3–7 min and slightly affected the theophylline dissolution rate. Lastly, all gels were physically stable after a month of storage in the stress condition. These results show the feasibility of manufacturing a chitosan gel usable as a pill swallowing gel for patients with dysphagia. MDPI 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8395724/ /pubmed/34449603 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030108 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sangnim, Tanikan
Sriamornsak, Pornsak
Singh, Inderbir
Huanbutta, Kampanart
Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan
title Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan
title_full Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan
title_fullStr Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan
title_full_unstemmed Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan
title_short Swallowing Gel for Patients with Dysphagia: A Novel Application of Chitosan
title_sort swallowing gel for patients with dysphagia: a novel application of chitosan
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8395724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34449603
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030108
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