Effect of Resin Infiltration on Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Subsurface enamel demineralization beneath an intact surface layer or white spots lesions (WSL) can and should be treated with non-invasive procedures to impede the development of a cavitated lesion. We aim to analyze if infiltrative resin improves enamel roughness, microhardness, shear bond strength, and penetration depth. MEDLINE [via Pubmed], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, Scholar, and LILACS were searched until May 2021. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Clinical Appraisal Checklist for Experimental Studies. Pairwise ratio of means (ROM) meta-analyses were carried out to compare the enamel properties after treatment with infiltrative resin on sound enamel and WSLs. From a total of 1604 articles, 48 studies were included. Enamel surface roughness decreased 35% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.49–0.85, I(2) = 98.2%) and 54% in WSLs (95%CI: 0.29–0.74, I(2) = 98.5%). Microhardness reduced 24% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.73–0.80, I(2) = 99.1%) and increased by 68% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.51; 1.86, I(2) = 99.8%). Shear bond strength reduced of 25% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.60; 0.95, I(2) = 96.9%) and increased by 89% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.28–2.79, I(2) = 99.8%). Penetration depth was 65.39% of the WSLs (95%CI: 56.11–74.66, I(2) = 100%). Infiltrative resins effectively promote evident changes in enamel properties in sound and WSLs. Future studies with long-term follow-ups are necessary to corroborate these results from experimental studies.