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Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review

Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon (EOAT) is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of heterotopic ossification within the substance of the Achilles Tendon and is distinct from other tendinopathies associated with tendon mineralization. The purpose of this scoping review of t...

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Autores principales: Sullivan, Daniel, Pabich, Allison, Enslow, Ryan, Roe, Avery, Borchert, Donald, Barr, Keenan, Cook, Bailey, Brooks, Amanda
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8396855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34441776
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163480
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author Sullivan, Daniel
Pabich, Allison
Enslow, Ryan
Roe, Avery
Borchert, Donald
Barr, Keenan
Cook, Bailey
Brooks, Amanda
author_facet Sullivan, Daniel
Pabich, Allison
Enslow, Ryan
Roe, Avery
Borchert, Donald
Barr, Keenan
Cook, Bailey
Brooks, Amanda
author_sort Sullivan, Daniel
collection PubMed
description Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon (EOAT) is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of heterotopic ossification within the substance of the Achilles Tendon and is distinct from other tendinopathies associated with tendon mineralization. The purpose of this scoping review of the literature on EOAT is to describe the pathogenesis, patient population, presentation, management, and outcomes of this rare condition. Fifty-four articles were included in the scoping review after screening and selection. According to the literature, EOAT often presents with pain and swelling around the Achilles Tendon and is frequently associated with acute trauma. EOAT is more common in men, and although the exact mechanisms of the pathology are not fully understood, EOAT may demonstrate specific molecular signaling patterns. The lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism may be a significant hindrance to the management of the condition. Even though a standard treatment regimen for EOAT does not exist, conservative management for six months in patients without complications is recommended. Those who have an acute fracture of the ossification should be managed more aggressively and will often require surgical repair with autograft, although there is no standardized procedure at this time. Clinicians should be aware of the typical presentation, risk factors, and management options of patients with EOAT. Additionally, they should be cautious when selecting treatment strategies and conduct a thorough evaluation of long-term outcomes with various treatment modalities, which this review provides. Most important, this review highlights the need for further research to determine the best course of clinical treatment of EOAT injuries, in order to establish a standard treatment regimen.
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spelling pubmed-83968552021-08-28 Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review Sullivan, Daniel Pabich, Allison Enslow, Ryan Roe, Avery Borchert, Donald Barr, Keenan Cook, Bailey Brooks, Amanda J Clin Med Review Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon (EOAT) is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of heterotopic ossification within the substance of the Achilles Tendon and is distinct from other tendinopathies associated with tendon mineralization. The purpose of this scoping review of the literature on EOAT is to describe the pathogenesis, patient population, presentation, management, and outcomes of this rare condition. Fifty-four articles were included in the scoping review after screening and selection. According to the literature, EOAT often presents with pain and swelling around the Achilles Tendon and is frequently associated with acute trauma. EOAT is more common in men, and although the exact mechanisms of the pathology are not fully understood, EOAT may demonstrate specific molecular signaling patterns. The lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism may be a significant hindrance to the management of the condition. Even though a standard treatment regimen for EOAT does not exist, conservative management for six months in patients without complications is recommended. Those who have an acute fracture of the ossification should be managed more aggressively and will often require surgical repair with autograft, although there is no standardized procedure at this time. Clinicians should be aware of the typical presentation, risk factors, and management options of patients with EOAT. Additionally, they should be cautious when selecting treatment strategies and conduct a thorough evaluation of long-term outcomes with various treatment modalities, which this review provides. Most important, this review highlights the need for further research to determine the best course of clinical treatment of EOAT injuries, in order to establish a standard treatment regimen. MDPI 2021-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8396855/ /pubmed/34441776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163480 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sullivan, Daniel
Pabich, Allison
Enslow, Ryan
Roe, Avery
Borchert, Donald
Barr, Keenan
Cook, Bailey
Brooks, Amanda
Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review
title Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review
title_full Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review
title_short Extensive Ossification of the Achilles Tendon with and without Acute Fracture: A Scoping Review
title_sort extensive ossification of the achilles tendon with and without acute fracture: a scoping review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8396855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34441776
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163480
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