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Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique

Graphite is used as a state-of-the-art anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its highly reversible lithium-ion storage capability and low electrode potential. However, graphite anodes exhibit sluggish diffusion kinetics for lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation, thus limiting t...

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Autores principales: Park, Jong Hyun, Yoon, Hana, Cho, Younghyun, Yoo, Chung-Yul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397968/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164683
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author Park, Jong Hyun
Yoon, Hana
Cho, Younghyun
Yoo, Chung-Yul
author_facet Park, Jong Hyun
Yoon, Hana
Cho, Younghyun
Yoo, Chung-Yul
author_sort Park, Jong Hyun
collection PubMed
description Graphite is used as a state-of-the-art anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its highly reversible lithium-ion storage capability and low electrode potential. However, graphite anodes exhibit sluggish diffusion kinetics for lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation, thus limiting the rate capability of commercial LIBs. In order to determine the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of commercial graphite anodes, we employed a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) to quantify the quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential and diffusion coefficient as a function of lithium-ion concentration and potential for a commercial graphite electrode. Three plateaus are observed in the quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential curves, which are indicative of a mixed phase upon lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation. The obtained diffusion coefficients tend to increase with increasing lithium concentration and exhibit an insignificant difference between charge and discharge conditions. This study reveals that the diffusion coefficient of graphite obtained with the GITT (1 × 10(−11) cm(2)/s to 4 × 10(−10) cm(2)/s) is in reasonable agreement with literature values obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The GITT is comparatively simple and direct and therefore enables systematic measurements of ion intercalation/deintercalation diffusion coefficients for secondary ion battery materials.
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spelling pubmed-83979682021-08-29 Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique Park, Jong Hyun Yoon, Hana Cho, Younghyun Yoo, Chung-Yul Materials (Basel) Article Graphite is used as a state-of-the-art anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its highly reversible lithium-ion storage capability and low electrode potential. However, graphite anodes exhibit sluggish diffusion kinetics for lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation, thus limiting the rate capability of commercial LIBs. In order to determine the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of commercial graphite anodes, we employed a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) to quantify the quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential and diffusion coefficient as a function of lithium-ion concentration and potential for a commercial graphite electrode. Three plateaus are observed in the quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential curves, which are indicative of a mixed phase upon lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation. The obtained diffusion coefficients tend to increase with increasing lithium concentration and exhibit an insignificant difference between charge and discharge conditions. This study reveals that the diffusion coefficient of graphite obtained with the GITT (1 × 10(−11) cm(2)/s to 4 × 10(−10) cm(2)/s) is in reasonable agreement with literature values obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The GITT is comparatively simple and direct and therefore enables systematic measurements of ion intercalation/deintercalation diffusion coefficients for secondary ion battery materials. MDPI 2021-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8397968/ /pubmed/34443205 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164683 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Park, Jong Hyun
Yoon, Hana
Cho, Younghyun
Yoo, Chung-Yul
Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
title Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
title_full Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
title_fullStr Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
title_short Investigation of Lithium Ion Diffusion of Graphite Anode by the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
title_sort investigation of lithium ion diffusion of graphite anode by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397968/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164683
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