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The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Current guidelines recommend annual screening for cognitive impairment in patients > 65 years with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The most used tool is the mini-mental state evaluation (MMSE). Retinal microperimetry is useful for detecting cognitive impairment in these patients, but there is no informati...

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Autores principales: Ortiz-Zúñiga, Ángel Michael, Simó-Servat, Olga, Rojano-Toimil, Alba, Vázquez-de Sebastian, Julia, Castellano-Tejedor, Carmina, Hernández, Cristina, Simó, Rafael, Ciudin, Andreea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398405/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34442342
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080698
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author Ortiz-Zúñiga, Ángel Michael
Simó-Servat, Olga
Rojano-Toimil, Alba
Vázquez-de Sebastian, Julia
Castellano-Tejedor, Carmina
Hernández, Cristina
Simó, Rafael
Ciudin, Andreea
author_facet Ortiz-Zúñiga, Ángel Michael
Simó-Servat, Olga
Rojano-Toimil, Alba
Vázquez-de Sebastian, Julia
Castellano-Tejedor, Carmina
Hernández, Cristina
Simó, Rafael
Ciudin, Andreea
author_sort Ortiz-Zúñiga, Ángel Michael
collection PubMed
description Current guidelines recommend annual screening for cognitive impairment in patients > 65 years with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The most used tool is the mini-mental state evaluation (MMSE). Retinal microperimetry is useful for detecting cognitive impairment in these patients, but there is no information regarding its usefulness as a monitoring tool. We aimed to explore the role of retinal microperimetry in the annual follow-up of the cognitive function of patients with T2D older than 65 years. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study, comprising patients > 65 years with T2D, attended at our center between March–October 2019. A complete neuropsychological evaluation assessed the baseline cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment, MCI, or normal, NC). Retinal microperimetry (sensitivity, gaze fixation) and MMSE were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Results: Fifty-nine patients with MCI and 22 NC were identified. A significant decline in the MMSE score was observed after 12 months in the MCI group (25.74 ± 0.9 vs. 24.71 ± 1.4; p = 0.001). While no significant changes in retinal sensitivity were seen, all gaze-fixation parameters worsened at 12 months and significantly correlated with a decrease in the MMSE scores. Conclusion: Retinal microperimetry is useful for the monitoring of cognitive decline in patients > 65 years with T2D. Gaze fixation seems a more sensitive parameter for follow-up after 12 months than retinal sensitivity.
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spelling pubmed-83984052021-08-29 The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Ortiz-Zúñiga, Ángel Michael Simó-Servat, Olga Rojano-Toimil, Alba Vázquez-de Sebastian, Julia Castellano-Tejedor, Carmina Hernández, Cristina Simó, Rafael Ciudin, Andreea J Pers Med Article Current guidelines recommend annual screening for cognitive impairment in patients > 65 years with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The most used tool is the mini-mental state evaluation (MMSE). Retinal microperimetry is useful for detecting cognitive impairment in these patients, but there is no information regarding its usefulness as a monitoring tool. We aimed to explore the role of retinal microperimetry in the annual follow-up of the cognitive function of patients with T2D older than 65 years. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study, comprising patients > 65 years with T2D, attended at our center between March–October 2019. A complete neuropsychological evaluation assessed the baseline cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment, MCI, or normal, NC). Retinal microperimetry (sensitivity, gaze fixation) and MMSE were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Results: Fifty-nine patients with MCI and 22 NC were identified. A significant decline in the MMSE score was observed after 12 months in the MCI group (25.74 ± 0.9 vs. 24.71 ± 1.4; p = 0.001). While no significant changes in retinal sensitivity were seen, all gaze-fixation parameters worsened at 12 months and significantly correlated with a decrease in the MMSE scores. Conclusion: Retinal microperimetry is useful for the monitoring of cognitive decline in patients > 65 years with T2D. Gaze fixation seems a more sensitive parameter for follow-up after 12 months than retinal sensitivity. MDPI 2021-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8398405/ /pubmed/34442342 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080698 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ortiz-Zúñiga, Ángel Michael
Simó-Servat, Olga
Rojano-Toimil, Alba
Vázquez-de Sebastian, Julia
Castellano-Tejedor, Carmina
Hernández, Cristina
Simó, Rafael
Ciudin, Andreea
The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
title The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
title_full The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
title_fullStr The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
title_short The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
title_sort gaze fixation assessed by microperimetry: a useful tool for the monitoring of the cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398405/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34442342
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080698
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