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Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes

The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-elim...

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Autores principales: Starkus, Aurelijus, Frercks, Birute, Gelvonauskiene, Dalia, Mazeikiene, Ingrida, Rugienius, Rytis, Bendokas, Vidmantas, Stanys, Vidmantas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451657
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081612
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author Starkus, Aurelijus
Frercks, Birute
Gelvonauskiene, Dalia
Mazeikiene, Ingrida
Rugienius, Rytis
Bendokas, Vidmantas
Stanys, Vidmantas
author_facet Starkus, Aurelijus
Frercks, Birute
Gelvonauskiene, Dalia
Mazeikiene, Ingrida
Rugienius, Rytis
Bendokas, Vidmantas
Stanys, Vidmantas
author_sort Starkus, Aurelijus
collection PubMed
description The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-eliminate excess fruitlets, thus controlling yield. The aim of our study was to identify biological differences in apple cultivars in terms of blooming intensity and fruitlet load self-regulation. In total, 19 apple cultivars were studied in the years 2015–2017. The dynamics of fruitlet self-elimination, seed development in fruitlets and fruits, photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrates, and plant hormones were evaluated. We established that apple cultivars self-eliminating a small number of fruitlets need a lower number of well-developed seeds in fruit, and their number of leaves and area per fruit on a bearing branch are larger, compared to cultivars, self-eliminating large numbers of fruitlets. A higher carbohydrate amount in the leaves may be related to smaller fruitlet self-elimination. The amount of auxin and a high indole-3-acetic acid/zeatin ratio between leaves of cultivar groups with heavy blooming were higher than in cultivars with moderate blooming. A lower amount of abscisic acid was found in heavy-blooming cultivars during drought stress. All these parameters may be used as markers for the selection of different apple genotypes that self-eliminate fruitlets.
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spelling pubmed-83984102021-08-29 Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes Starkus, Aurelijus Frercks, Birute Gelvonauskiene, Dalia Mazeikiene, Ingrida Rugienius, Rytis Bendokas, Vidmantas Stanys, Vidmantas Plants (Basel) Article The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-eliminate excess fruitlets, thus controlling yield. The aim of our study was to identify biological differences in apple cultivars in terms of blooming intensity and fruitlet load self-regulation. In total, 19 apple cultivars were studied in the years 2015–2017. The dynamics of fruitlet self-elimination, seed development in fruitlets and fruits, photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrates, and plant hormones were evaluated. We established that apple cultivars self-eliminating a small number of fruitlets need a lower number of well-developed seeds in fruit, and their number of leaves and area per fruit on a bearing branch are larger, compared to cultivars, self-eliminating large numbers of fruitlets. A higher carbohydrate amount in the leaves may be related to smaller fruitlet self-elimination. The amount of auxin and a high indole-3-acetic acid/zeatin ratio between leaves of cultivar groups with heavy blooming were higher than in cultivars with moderate blooming. A lower amount of abscisic acid was found in heavy-blooming cultivars during drought stress. All these parameters may be used as markers for the selection of different apple genotypes that self-eliminate fruitlets. MDPI 2021-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8398410/ /pubmed/34451657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081612 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Starkus, Aurelijus
Frercks, Birute
Gelvonauskiene, Dalia
Mazeikiene, Ingrida
Rugienius, Rytis
Bendokas, Vidmantas
Stanys, Vidmantas
Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes
title Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes
title_full Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes
title_fullStr Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes
title_full_unstemmed Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes
title_short Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes
title_sort potential markers for selecting self-eliminating apple genotypes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34451657
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081612
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