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Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity

Ocean warming and extreme sea surface temperature anomalies are threatening wild and domesticated fish stocks in various regions. Understanding mechanisms for thermotolerance and processes associated with divergent growth performance is key to the future success of aquaculture and fisheries manageme...

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Autores principales: Lulijwa, Ronald, Young, Tim, Symonds, Jane E., Walker, Seumas P., Delorme, Natalí J., Alfaro, Andrea C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398542/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34436488
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080547
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author Lulijwa, Ronald
Young, Tim
Symonds, Jane E.
Walker, Seumas P.
Delorme, Natalí J.
Alfaro, Andrea C.
author_facet Lulijwa, Ronald
Young, Tim
Symonds, Jane E.
Walker, Seumas P.
Delorme, Natalí J.
Alfaro, Andrea C.
author_sort Lulijwa, Ronald
collection PubMed
description Ocean warming and extreme sea surface temperature anomalies are threatening wild and domesticated fish stocks in various regions. Understanding mechanisms for thermotolerance and processes associated with divergent growth performance is key to the future success of aquaculture and fisheries management. Herein, we exposed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to environmentally relevant water temperatures (19–20 °C) approaching their upper physiological limit for three months and sought to identify blood biomarkers associated with thermal stress and resilience. In parallel, blood biochemical associations with growth performance were also investigated. Temperature stress-activated leukocyte apoptosis induced a minor immune response, and influenced blood ion profiles indicative of osmoregulatory perturbation, regardless of how well fish grew. Conversely, fish displaying poor growth performance irrespective of temperature exhibited numerous biomarker shifts including haematology indices, cellular-based enzyme activities, and blood clinical chemistries associated with malnutrition and disturbances in energy metabolism, endocrine functioning, immunocompetence, redox status, and osmoregulation. Findings provide insight into mechanisms of stress tolerance and compromised growth potential. Biochemical phenotypes associated with growth performance and health can potentially be used to improve selective breeding strategies.
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spelling pubmed-83985422021-08-29 Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity Lulijwa, Ronald Young, Tim Symonds, Jane E. Walker, Seumas P. Delorme, Natalí J. Alfaro, Andrea C. Metabolites Article Ocean warming and extreme sea surface temperature anomalies are threatening wild and domesticated fish stocks in various regions. Understanding mechanisms for thermotolerance and processes associated with divergent growth performance is key to the future success of aquaculture and fisheries management. Herein, we exposed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to environmentally relevant water temperatures (19–20 °C) approaching their upper physiological limit for three months and sought to identify blood biomarkers associated with thermal stress and resilience. In parallel, blood biochemical associations with growth performance were also investigated. Temperature stress-activated leukocyte apoptosis induced a minor immune response, and influenced blood ion profiles indicative of osmoregulatory perturbation, regardless of how well fish grew. Conversely, fish displaying poor growth performance irrespective of temperature exhibited numerous biomarker shifts including haematology indices, cellular-based enzyme activities, and blood clinical chemistries associated with malnutrition and disturbances in energy metabolism, endocrine functioning, immunocompetence, redox status, and osmoregulation. Findings provide insight into mechanisms of stress tolerance and compromised growth potential. Biochemical phenotypes associated with growth performance and health can potentially be used to improve selective breeding strategies. MDPI 2021-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8398542/ /pubmed/34436488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080547 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lulijwa, Ronald
Young, Tim
Symonds, Jane E.
Walker, Seumas P.
Delorme, Natalí J.
Alfaro, Andrea C.
Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity
title Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity
title_full Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity
title_fullStr Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity
title_full_unstemmed Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity
title_short Uncoupling Thermotolerance and Growth Performance in Chinook Salmon: Blood Biochemistry and Immune Capacity
title_sort uncoupling thermotolerance and growth performance in chinook salmon: blood biochemistry and immune capacity
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398542/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34436488
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080547
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