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Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods
Chemical characterization of kraft lignin (KL) from mixed hardwoods (Acacia spp. from Vietnam and mixed hardwoods (mainly Quercus spp.) from Korea) was conducted for its future applications. To compare the structural changes that occurred in KL, two milled wood lignins (MWLs) were prepared from the...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398623/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164861 |
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author | Mun, Ji-Sun Pe, Justin Alfred Mun, Sung-Phil |
author_facet | Mun, Ji-Sun Pe, Justin Alfred Mun, Sung-Phil |
author_sort | Mun, Ji-Sun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chemical characterization of kraft lignin (KL) from mixed hardwoods (Acacia spp. from Vietnam and mixed hardwoods (mainly Quercus spp.) from Korea) was conducted for its future applications. To compare the structural changes that occurred in KL, two milled wood lignins (MWLs) were prepared from the same hardwood samples used in the production of KL. Elemental analysis showed that the MWL from acacia (MWL-aca) and mixed hardwood (MWL-mhw) had almost similar carbon content, methoxyl content, and C(9) formula. KL had high carbon content but low oxygen and methoxyl contents compared to MWLs. The C(9) formula of KL was determined to be C(9)H(7.29)O(2.26)N(0.07)S(0.12)(OCH(3))(1.24). The M(w) of KL and MWLs was about 3000 Da and 12,000–13,000 Da, respectively. The structural features of KL and MWLs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ((1)H, (13)C NMR). The analyses indicated that KL underwent severe structural modifications, such as γ-carbon cleavage, demethylation, and polycondensation reactions during kraft pulping, which resulted in increased aromatic content and decreased aliphatic content. The main linkages in lignin, β-O-4 moieties, were hardly detected in the analysis as these linkages were extensively cleaved by nucleophilic attack of SH(-) and OH(-) during pulping. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8398623 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83986232021-08-29 Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods Mun, Ji-Sun Pe, Justin Alfred Mun, Sung-Phil Molecules Article Chemical characterization of kraft lignin (KL) from mixed hardwoods (Acacia spp. from Vietnam and mixed hardwoods (mainly Quercus spp.) from Korea) was conducted for its future applications. To compare the structural changes that occurred in KL, two milled wood lignins (MWLs) were prepared from the same hardwood samples used in the production of KL. Elemental analysis showed that the MWL from acacia (MWL-aca) and mixed hardwood (MWL-mhw) had almost similar carbon content, methoxyl content, and C(9) formula. KL had high carbon content but low oxygen and methoxyl contents compared to MWLs. The C(9) formula of KL was determined to be C(9)H(7.29)O(2.26)N(0.07)S(0.12)(OCH(3))(1.24). The M(w) of KL and MWLs was about 3000 Da and 12,000–13,000 Da, respectively. The structural features of KL and MWLs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry ((1)H, (13)C NMR). The analyses indicated that KL underwent severe structural modifications, such as γ-carbon cleavage, demethylation, and polycondensation reactions during kraft pulping, which resulted in increased aromatic content and decreased aliphatic content. The main linkages in lignin, β-O-4 moieties, were hardly detected in the analysis as these linkages were extensively cleaved by nucleophilic attack of SH(-) and OH(-) during pulping. MDPI 2021-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8398623/ /pubmed/34443450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164861 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mun, Ji-Sun Pe, Justin Alfred Mun, Sung-Phil Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods |
title | Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods |
title_full | Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods |
title_fullStr | Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods |
title_short | Chemical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Prepared from Mixed Hardwoods |
title_sort | chemical characterization of kraft lignin prepared from mixed hardwoods |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8398623/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443450 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164861 |
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