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Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly
SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The highly transmissible virus gains entry into human cells primarily by the binding of its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is expressed not only in lun...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399122/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34441038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080833 |
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author | Dayaramani, Christopher De Leon, Joshua Reiss, Allison B. |
author_facet | Dayaramani, Christopher De Leon, Joshua Reiss, Allison B. |
author_sort | Dayaramani, Christopher |
collection | PubMed |
description | SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The highly transmissible virus gains entry into human cells primarily by the binding of its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is expressed not only in lung tissue but also in cardiac myocytes and the vascular endothelium. Cardiovascular complications are frequent in patients with COVID-19 and may be a result of viral-associated systemic and cardiac inflammation or may arise from a virus-induced hypercoagulable state. This prothrombotic state is marked by endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation in both macrovasculature and microvasculature. In patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, COVID-19 may incite atherosclerotic plaque disruption and coronary thrombosis. Hypertension and obesity are common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients that may significantly raise the risk of mortality. Sedentary behaviors, poor diet, and increased use of tobacco and alcohol, associated with prolonged stay-at-home restrictions, may promote thrombosis, while depressed mood due to social isolation can exacerbate poor self-care. Telehealth interventions via smartphone applications and other technologies that document nutrition and offer exercise programs and social connections can be used to mitigate some of the potential damage to heart health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8399122 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83991222021-08-29 Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly Dayaramani, Christopher De Leon, Joshua Reiss, Allison B. Medicina (Kaunas) Review SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The highly transmissible virus gains entry into human cells primarily by the binding of its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is expressed not only in lung tissue but also in cardiac myocytes and the vascular endothelium. Cardiovascular complications are frequent in patients with COVID-19 and may be a result of viral-associated systemic and cardiac inflammation or may arise from a virus-induced hypercoagulable state. This prothrombotic state is marked by endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation in both macrovasculature and microvasculature. In patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, COVID-19 may incite atherosclerotic plaque disruption and coronary thrombosis. Hypertension and obesity are common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients that may significantly raise the risk of mortality. Sedentary behaviors, poor diet, and increased use of tobacco and alcohol, associated with prolonged stay-at-home restrictions, may promote thrombosis, while depressed mood due to social isolation can exacerbate poor self-care. Telehealth interventions via smartphone applications and other technologies that document nutrition and offer exercise programs and social connections can be used to mitigate some of the potential damage to heart health. MDPI 2021-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8399122/ /pubmed/34441038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080833 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dayaramani, Christopher De Leon, Joshua Reiss, Allison B. Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly |
title | Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly |
title_full | Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly |
title_fullStr | Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly |
title_full_unstemmed | Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly |
title_short | Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly |
title_sort | cardiovascular disease complicating covid-19 in the elderly |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399122/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34441038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080833 |
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