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Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria

Chlamydiae are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacter...

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Autores principales: Phillips, Patrick, Parkhurst, James M., Kounatidis, Ilias, Okolo, Chidinma, Fish, Thomas M., Naismith, James H., Walsh, Martin A., Harkiolaki, Maria, Dumoux, Maud
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440586
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080842
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author Phillips, Patrick
Parkhurst, James M.
Kounatidis, Ilias
Okolo, Chidinma
Fish, Thomas M.
Naismith, James H.
Walsh, Martin A.
Harkiolaki, Maria
Dumoux, Maud
author_facet Phillips, Patrick
Parkhurst, James M.
Kounatidis, Ilias
Okolo, Chidinma
Fish, Thomas M.
Naismith, James H.
Walsh, Martin A.
Harkiolaki, Maria
Dumoux, Maud
author_sort Phillips, Patrick
collection PubMed
description Chlamydiae are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacteria within the inclusion influences individual bacterium. The life cycle of Chlamydia involves transitioning between the invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). We have used cryo-soft X-ray tomography to observe individual inclusions, an approach that combines 40 nm spatial resolution and large volume imaging (up to 16 µm). Using semi-automated segmentation pipeline, we considered each inclusion as an individual bacterial niche. Within each inclusion, we identifyed and classified different forms of the bacteria and confirmed the recent finding that RBs have a variety of volumes (small, large and abnormal). We demonstrate that the proportions of these different RB forms depend on the bacterial concentration in the inclusion. We conclude that each inclusion operates as an autonomous community that influences the characteristics of individual bacteria within the inclusion.
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spelling pubmed-83991602021-08-29 Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria Phillips, Patrick Parkhurst, James M. Kounatidis, Ilias Okolo, Chidinma Fish, Thomas M. Naismith, James H. Walsh, Martin A. Harkiolaki, Maria Dumoux, Maud Life (Basel) Article Chlamydiae are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacteria within the inclusion influences individual bacterium. The life cycle of Chlamydia involves transitioning between the invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). We have used cryo-soft X-ray tomography to observe individual inclusions, an approach that combines 40 nm spatial resolution and large volume imaging (up to 16 µm). Using semi-automated segmentation pipeline, we considered each inclusion as an individual bacterial niche. Within each inclusion, we identifyed and classified different forms of the bacteria and confirmed the recent finding that RBs have a variety of volumes (small, large and abnormal). We demonstrate that the proportions of these different RB forms depend on the bacterial concentration in the inclusion. We conclude that each inclusion operates as an autonomous community that influences the characteristics of individual bacteria within the inclusion. MDPI 2021-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8399160/ /pubmed/34440586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080842 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Phillips, Patrick
Parkhurst, James M.
Kounatidis, Ilias
Okolo, Chidinma
Fish, Thomas M.
Naismith, James H.
Walsh, Martin A.
Harkiolaki, Maria
Dumoux, Maud
Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
title Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
title_full Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
title_fullStr Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
title_short Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
title_sort single cell cryo-soft x-ray tomography shows that each chlamydia trachomatis inclusion is a unique community of bacteria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440586
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080842
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