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Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
Chlamydiae are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacter...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080842 |
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author | Phillips, Patrick Parkhurst, James M. Kounatidis, Ilias Okolo, Chidinma Fish, Thomas M. Naismith, James H. Walsh, Martin A. Harkiolaki, Maria Dumoux, Maud |
author_facet | Phillips, Patrick Parkhurst, James M. Kounatidis, Ilias Okolo, Chidinma Fish, Thomas M. Naismith, James H. Walsh, Martin A. Harkiolaki, Maria Dumoux, Maud |
author_sort | Phillips, Patrick |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chlamydiae are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacteria within the inclusion influences individual bacterium. The life cycle of Chlamydia involves transitioning between the invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). We have used cryo-soft X-ray tomography to observe individual inclusions, an approach that combines 40 nm spatial resolution and large volume imaging (up to 16 µm). Using semi-automated segmentation pipeline, we considered each inclusion as an individual bacterial niche. Within each inclusion, we identifyed and classified different forms of the bacteria and confirmed the recent finding that RBs have a variety of volumes (small, large and abnormal). We demonstrate that the proportions of these different RB forms depend on the bacterial concentration in the inclusion. We conclude that each inclusion operates as an autonomous community that influences the characteristics of individual bacteria within the inclusion. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8399160 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83991602021-08-29 Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria Phillips, Patrick Parkhurst, James M. Kounatidis, Ilias Okolo, Chidinma Fish, Thomas M. Naismith, James H. Walsh, Martin A. Harkiolaki, Maria Dumoux, Maud Life (Basel) Article Chlamydiae are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacteria within the inclusion influences individual bacterium. The life cycle of Chlamydia involves transitioning between the invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). We have used cryo-soft X-ray tomography to observe individual inclusions, an approach that combines 40 nm spatial resolution and large volume imaging (up to 16 µm). Using semi-automated segmentation pipeline, we considered each inclusion as an individual bacterial niche. Within each inclusion, we identifyed and classified different forms of the bacteria and confirmed the recent finding that RBs have a variety of volumes (small, large and abnormal). We demonstrate that the proportions of these different RB forms depend on the bacterial concentration in the inclusion. We conclude that each inclusion operates as an autonomous community that influences the characteristics of individual bacteria within the inclusion. MDPI 2021-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8399160/ /pubmed/34440586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080842 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Phillips, Patrick Parkhurst, James M. Kounatidis, Ilias Okolo, Chidinma Fish, Thomas M. Naismith, James H. Walsh, Martin A. Harkiolaki, Maria Dumoux, Maud Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
title | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
title_full | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
title_fullStr | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
title_short | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each Chlamydia Trachomatis Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
title_sort | single cell cryo-soft x-ray tomography shows that each chlamydia trachomatis inclusion is a unique community of bacteria |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080842 |
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