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Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy
The use of probiotics in critically ill adult and children patients has been growing exponentially over the last 20 years. Numerous factors in pediatriac intensive care unit (PICU) patients may contribute to intestinal dysbiosis, which subsequently promotes the pathobiota’s growth. Currently, lactob...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399162/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080781 |
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author | Zanza, Christian Romenskaya, Tatsiana Longhitano, Yaroslava Piccolella, Fabio Racca, Fabrizio Tassi, Michele Fidel Rubulotta, Francesca Abenavoli, Ludovico Shiffer, Dana Franceschi, Francesco Migneco, Alessio Saviano, Angela Piccioni, Andrea Ojetti, Veronica |
author_facet | Zanza, Christian Romenskaya, Tatsiana Longhitano, Yaroslava Piccolella, Fabio Racca, Fabrizio Tassi, Michele Fidel Rubulotta, Francesca Abenavoli, Ludovico Shiffer, Dana Franceschi, Francesco Migneco, Alessio Saviano, Angela Piccioni, Andrea Ojetti, Veronica |
author_sort | Zanza, Christian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The use of probiotics in critically ill adult and children patients has been growing exponentially over the last 20 years. Numerous factors in pediatriac intensive care unit (PICU) patients may contribute to intestinal dysbiosis, which subsequently promotes the pathobiota’s growth. Currently, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species are mainly used to prevent the development of systemic diseases due to the subverted microbiome, followed by streptococcus, enterococcus, propionibacterium, bacillus and Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature for further confirmation of the importance of the usage of probiotics in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, especially in the pediatric population. A progressive increase in nosocomial infections, especially nosocomial bloodstream infections, has been observed over the last 30 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the incidence of nosocomial infections in PICUs was still high and ranged between 5% and 10%. Petrof et al. was one of the first to demonstrate the efficacy of probiotics for preventing systemic diseases in ICU patients. Recently, however, the use of probiotics with different lactobacillus spp. has been shown to cause a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, in some studies, the use of probiotics, in particular the mix of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in PICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In abdominal infections, there is no doubt at all about the usefulness of using Lactobacillus spp probiotics, which help to treat ICU-acquired diarrhoea episodes as well as in positive blood culture for candida spp. Despite the importance of using probiotics being supported by various studies, their use is not yet part of the standard protocols to which all doctors must adhere. In the meantime, while waiting for protocols to be drawn up as soon as possible for use in PICUs, routine use could certainly stimulate the intestine’s immune defences. Though it is still too early to say, they could be considered the drugs of the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8399162 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83991622021-08-29 Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy Zanza, Christian Romenskaya, Tatsiana Longhitano, Yaroslava Piccolella, Fabio Racca, Fabrizio Tassi, Michele Fidel Rubulotta, Francesca Abenavoli, Ludovico Shiffer, Dana Franceschi, Francesco Migneco, Alessio Saviano, Angela Piccioni, Andrea Ojetti, Veronica Medicina (Kaunas) Review The use of probiotics in critically ill adult and children patients has been growing exponentially over the last 20 years. Numerous factors in pediatriac intensive care unit (PICU) patients may contribute to intestinal dysbiosis, which subsequently promotes the pathobiota’s growth. Currently, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species are mainly used to prevent the development of systemic diseases due to the subverted microbiome, followed by streptococcus, enterococcus, propionibacterium, bacillus and Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature for further confirmation of the importance of the usage of probiotics in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, especially in the pediatric population. A progressive increase in nosocomial infections, especially nosocomial bloodstream infections, has been observed over the last 30 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the incidence of nosocomial infections in PICUs was still high and ranged between 5% and 10%. Petrof et al. was one of the first to demonstrate the efficacy of probiotics for preventing systemic diseases in ICU patients. Recently, however, the use of probiotics with different lactobacillus spp. has been shown to cause a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, in some studies, the use of probiotics, in particular the mix of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in PICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In abdominal infections, there is no doubt at all about the usefulness of using Lactobacillus spp probiotics, which help to treat ICU-acquired diarrhoea episodes as well as in positive blood culture for candida spp. Despite the importance of using probiotics being supported by various studies, their use is not yet part of the standard protocols to which all doctors must adhere. In the meantime, while waiting for protocols to be drawn up as soon as possible for use in PICUs, routine use could certainly stimulate the intestine’s immune defences. Though it is still too early to say, they could be considered the drugs of the future. MDPI 2021-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8399162/ /pubmed/34440989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080781 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zanza, Christian Romenskaya, Tatsiana Longhitano, Yaroslava Piccolella, Fabio Racca, Fabrizio Tassi, Michele Fidel Rubulotta, Francesca Abenavoli, Ludovico Shiffer, Dana Franceschi, Francesco Migneco, Alessio Saviano, Angela Piccioni, Andrea Ojetti, Veronica Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy |
title | Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy |
title_full | Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy |
title_fullStr | Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy |
title_short | Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy |
title_sort | probiotic bacterial application in pediatric critical illness as coadjuvants of therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399162/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080781 |
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