Association between Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

(1) Background: Nutrition is a key determinant of sarcopenia in later life. (2) Methods: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies examining association of diet quality with muscle mass (MM), muscle strength (MS) or physical performance (PP) among older adults was conducted. A total of 22,885 results were obtained from a literature search in MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBASE up to November 2020. Inclusion criteria included diet quality assessment via dietary indices or statistical approaches, a sample of adults aged 45 years and over at baseline in a longitudinal study design. (3) Results: Of the 22,885 cohort studies, 14 studies were eligible. Meaningful results were obtained for the Mediterranean diet and Nordic diet regarding the decrease of sarcopenia risk, however results from non-European countries were inconsistent. In addition, due to the insufficient number of studies on Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFG-ST), dietary variety score (DVS), and dietary quality index-international (DQI-I), effectiveness was difficult to prove. Studies using factor analysis to examine dietary patterns suggested that the risk of sarcopenia is increased with a high in saturated fat diet such as westernized pattern etc. (4) Conclusion: In this systematic review it was found that various diet qualities are meaningful to a decreased risk of sarcopenia.