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Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
The inflammatory process is proposed to be one of the factors to benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), and this is the first study examining the anti-inflammatory ability of phloretin in treating rats with testosterone-induced BPH. BPH would be induced by testosterone (10 mg/kg/day testosterone subcut...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399389/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440487 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080743 |
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author | Hsu, Chao Yu Lin, Yi Sheng Weng, Wei Chun Panny, Lauren Chen, Hsiang Lai Tung, Min Che Ou, Yen Chuan Lin, Chi Chien Yang, Che Hsueh |
author_facet | Hsu, Chao Yu Lin, Yi Sheng Weng, Wei Chun Panny, Lauren Chen, Hsiang Lai Tung, Min Che Ou, Yen Chuan Lin, Chi Chien Yang, Che Hsueh |
author_sort | Hsu, Chao Yu |
collection | PubMed |
description | The inflammatory process is proposed to be one of the factors to benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), and this is the first study examining the anti-inflammatory ability of phloretin in treating rats with testosterone-induced BPH. BPH would be induced by testosterone (10 mg/kg/day testosterone subcutaneously for 28 days), and the other groups of rats were treated with phloretin 50 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day orally (phr50 or phr100 group) after induction. Prostate weight and prostate weight to body weight ratio were significantly reduced in the Phr100 group. Reduced dihydrotestosterone without interfering with 5α-reductase was observed in the phr100 group. In inflammatory proteins, reduced IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, NF-κB, and COX-2 were seen in the phr100 group. In reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde was reduced, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were elevated in the phr100 group. In apoptotic assessment, elevated cleaved caspase-3 was observed in rats of the phr100 group. Enhanced pro-apoptotic Bax and reduced anti-apoptotic Bc1-2 could be seen in the phr100 group. In histological stains, markedly decreased glandular hyperplasia and proliferative cell nuclear antigen were observed with reduced expression in the phr100 group. Meanwhile, positive cells of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were increased in the phr100 group. In conclusion, the treatment of phloretin 100 mg/kg/day could ameliorate testosterone-induced BPH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8399389 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-83993892021-08-29 Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Hsu, Chao Yu Lin, Yi Sheng Weng, Wei Chun Panny, Lauren Chen, Hsiang Lai Tung, Min Che Ou, Yen Chuan Lin, Chi Chien Yang, Che Hsueh Life (Basel) Article The inflammatory process is proposed to be one of the factors to benign prostatic enlargement (BPH), and this is the first study examining the anti-inflammatory ability of phloretin in treating rats with testosterone-induced BPH. BPH would be induced by testosterone (10 mg/kg/day testosterone subcutaneously for 28 days), and the other groups of rats were treated with phloretin 50 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day orally (phr50 or phr100 group) after induction. Prostate weight and prostate weight to body weight ratio were significantly reduced in the Phr100 group. Reduced dihydrotestosterone without interfering with 5α-reductase was observed in the phr100 group. In inflammatory proteins, reduced IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, NF-κB, and COX-2 were seen in the phr100 group. In reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde was reduced, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were elevated in the phr100 group. In apoptotic assessment, elevated cleaved caspase-3 was observed in rats of the phr100 group. Enhanced pro-apoptotic Bax and reduced anti-apoptotic Bc1-2 could be seen in the phr100 group. In histological stains, markedly decreased glandular hyperplasia and proliferative cell nuclear antigen were observed with reduced expression in the phr100 group. Meanwhile, positive cells of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were increased in the phr100 group. In conclusion, the treatment of phloretin 100 mg/kg/day could ameliorate testosterone-induced BPH. MDPI 2021-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8399389/ /pubmed/34440487 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080743 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hsu, Chao Yu Lin, Yi Sheng Weng, Wei Chun Panny, Lauren Chen, Hsiang Lai Tung, Min Che Ou, Yen Chuan Lin, Chi Chien Yang, Che Hsueh Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
title | Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
title_full | Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
title_fullStr | Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
title_short | Phloretin Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Regulating the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis |
title_sort | phloretin ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by regulating the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399389/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34440487 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080743 |
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