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Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the fi...

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Autores principales: Konuray, Osman, Sola, Arnau, Bonada, Jordi, Tercjak, Agnieszka, Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert, Fernández-Francos, Xavier, Ramis, Xavier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164544
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author Konuray, Osman
Sola, Arnau
Bonada, Jordi
Tercjak, Agnieszka
Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert
Fernández-Francos, Xavier
Ramis, Xavier
author_facet Konuray, Osman
Sola, Arnau
Bonada, Jordi
Tercjak, Agnieszka
Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert
Fernández-Francos, Xavier
Ramis, Xavier
author_sort Konuray, Osman
collection PubMed
description Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the final material with superior mechanical properties. We report the successful formulation of such a hybrid system, consisting of a commercial 3D printing acrylate resin modified by an epoxy–anhydride mixture. In the final polymeric network, we observed segregation of an epoxy-rich phase as nano-domains, similar to what was observed in a previous work. However, in the current work, we show the effectiveness of a coupling agent added to the formulation to mitigate this segregation for when such phase separation is undesired. The hybrid materials showed significant improvement of Young’s modulus over the neat acrylate. Once the flexible, partially-cured material was printed with a minimal number of layers, it could be molded into a complex form and thermally cured. Temporary shapes were readily programmable on this final material, with easy shape recovery under mild temperatures. Inspired by repairable 3D printed materials described recently, we manufactured a large object by printing its two halves, and then joined them covalently at the thermal cure stage with an apparently seamless union.
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spelling pubmed-83996752021-08-29 Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Konuray, Osman Sola, Arnau Bonada, Jordi Tercjak, Agnieszka Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert Fernández-Francos, Xavier Ramis, Xavier Materials (Basel) Article Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the final material with superior mechanical properties. We report the successful formulation of such a hybrid system, consisting of a commercial 3D printing acrylate resin modified by an epoxy–anhydride mixture. In the final polymeric network, we observed segregation of an epoxy-rich phase as nano-domains, similar to what was observed in a previous work. However, in the current work, we show the effectiveness of a coupling agent added to the formulation to mitigate this segregation for when such phase separation is undesired. The hybrid materials showed significant improvement of Young’s modulus over the neat acrylate. Once the flexible, partially-cured material was printed with a minimal number of layers, it could be molded into a complex form and thermally cured. Temporary shapes were readily programmable on this final material, with easy shape recovery under mild temperatures. Inspired by repairable 3D printed materials described recently, we manufactured a large object by printing its two halves, and then joined them covalently at the thermal cure stage with an apparently seamless union. MDPI 2021-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8399675/ /pubmed/34443067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164544 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Konuray, Osman
Sola, Arnau
Bonada, Jordi
Tercjak, Agnieszka
Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert
Fernández-Francos, Xavier
Ramis, Xavier
Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
title Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
title_full Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
title_fullStr Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
title_full_unstemmed Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
title_short Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
title_sort cost-effectively 3d-printed rigid and versatile interpenetrating polymer networks
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8399675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34443067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164544
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